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CELLS
What is a cell?
Cells are the basic unit of structure and
function in living things.
Like bricks in a building
Discovery of Cells
Before microscopes, where
did people think diseases
came from?
With microscopes scientists
were able to view and study
very small things like cells.
A microscope is an
instrument that makes small
objects look larger by using
lenses to focus light.
History of the Cell:
Robert Hooke & Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Robert Hooke
CORK CELLS 
Designed the compound Light microscope
Studied cork cells
First one to describe and name cells
Anton Van Leewenhoek
First one to see microscopic
water “animalcules”
Father of Microscopy
Mathias Schleiden
German botanist
Observed a variety of plants and
concluded that all plants are composed
of cells.
Theodore Schwann
German scientist
Observed a variety of animals under the
microscope and concluded that all
animals are made up of cells.
I am made up
of cells!
Me Too!
So am I!
Yeah!!!
Rudolph Virchow
Russian Scientist
Observed cells dividing into two
Concluded that all cells come from other
cells.
Mitosis 
The Cell Theory
1. All organisms are made of one or more
cells. (Schleiden & Schwann)
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and
function in organisms. (Leeuwenhoek &
Hooke)
3. All cells come from other cells. (Virchow)
Looking Inside Cells
Organelles
Inside each cell there are smaller
structures called organelles (little
organs).
Each organelle has a different function
within the cell.
Plant and animal cells have different
organelles. ( many are the same)
PLANT
CELL
ANIMAL
CELL
Cell Wall
 Rigid layer of non-living material that
surrounds the cells of plants.
 Made of a tough, yet flexible material
called cellulose.
 Not found in animal cell.
 Protects the cell and gives it
support.
Cell Membrane
The boundary between the cell and
its environment
The cell membrane controls what
substances come into and out of the
cell.
Nucleus
 The cells control center, directs all the
cells activity.
 The Brain of the cell
 Has the instructions and
information (DNA) to
control all parts of the cell.
Cytoplasm
 Entire region between the nucleus
and the cell membrane
 clear, thick, gel-like fluid that
contains organelles.
 Constantly moving
Mitochondria
 Provides energy for the cell
 Powerhouse of the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A maze of passageways
Carry protein and other materials
from one part of the cell to another
Ribosomes – Structure
 Look like round specks attached to the
Endoplasmic Reticulum or free in the
cytoplasm
 Function like construction sites to build
protein
Golgi Bodies
 Golgi body packages and
distributes materials to
other parts of the cell or to
the outside of the cell.
 The cells mailroom
(UPS store)
Vacuoles
A sack surrounded by a membrane
Temporary storage of materials
Often store food, enzymes, wastes, and
other materials
Lysosomes
Round structures that
contain chemicals that
breakdown large food
molecules into smaller
ones.
Also digests foreign
particles, and old parts of
the cell.
Chloroplasts
 Large green oval structures found in
plant cells
 Capture energy from the sun and use it
to produce food for the cell.
 Chloroplasts give plants their green
color.
Plant cells vs. Animal cells
Plant cells have… Animal cells have…
cell walls
No cell wall
Chloroplasts
No chloroplast
One big vacuole
Many small vacuoles
More lysosomes
Bacterial cells
Bacterial Cells
Very different from plant and animal cells
Bacterial cells…
Are usually smaller
Have no nucleus
No organelles besides ribosomes
Have a cell membrane and cell wall
Specialized cells
Not all cells look the same
Depending on what they do they might
look different and have different
organelles.
Jingle Cells
We came to school this year,
To learn about the cell,
We learned the names of parts,
Which we call organelles.
Our thanks to Robert Hooke,
Who looked into his scope,
He saw dead cork cell walls and
Now cytology is no joke.
CHORUS:
Oh, organelles, nucleolus, mitochondria,
Endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus,
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane with pores,
Ribosomes, chromatin, and many vacuoles.
Review Questions:
1.How did the invention of the microscope
affect scientists’ understanding about
cells?
2.State the three points of the cell theory?
3.How are plant and animal cells different?
4.Do all cells contain the same
organelles? Explain.
Cell Links
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/be
gin/cells/insideacell/
http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/3dcell.ht
m
Homework: Cell City p. 8-9
Compare the places in cell city to the
cell parts discussed in class
Example:
Nucleus is like City Hall because it controls
Cell song
 The parts of a cell. The parts of a cell. A cell has many parts inside. We call them organelles.
The nucleus in charge tells the others what to do. A cell has many parts inside. Now you can
learn them too.
The parts of a cell. The parts of a cell. A cell has many parts inside. We call them organelles.
The mitochondria gives the cell its energy. A cell has many parts inside. Now sing them all with
me.
The parts of a cell. The parts of a cell. A cell has many parts inside. We call them organelles.
The vacuoles they store water, waste, and nutrients. A cell has many parts inside. It's making
perfect sense.
The parts of a cell. The parts of a cell. A cell has many parts inside. We call them organelles.
The Cell Membrane lets things in. It also lets things out. A cell has many parts inside. For this I
have no doubt
The parts of a cell. The parts of a cell. A cell has many parts inside. We call them organelles.
Cytoplasm is the stuff that holds the parts in place. A cell has many parts inside. It's not an
empty space.
The parts of a cell. The parts of a cell. A cell has many parts inside. We call them organelles.
Cell Poem
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If it's a living thing then it's made of many cells.
Those tiny microscopic things filled with organelles.
These cells have a wall that give the plants their shape
Underneath the wall there's a membrane that's a gate.
Keeping out the chemicals that for the cell are bad.
Holding in the organelles and fluids the cell has.
Cytoplasm is the stuff that holds the organelles
They each have a function that is needed for the cell.
Mitochondria, and chloroplasts and vacuoles.
Take orders from the nucleus whose always in control.
The mitochondria give the cell its energy.
The chloroplasts help make the food the plant will surely need
The vacuoles they store water, waste, and nutrients
Like a storage warehouse where the extra things are sent.
All these organelles work together can't you see?
To make a plant the living thing that it was meant to be.