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Transcript
CELLS What is a cell? Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. Like bricks in a building Discovery of Cells Before microscopes, where did people think diseases came from? With microscopes scientists were able to view and study very small things like cells. A microscope is an instrument that makes small objects look larger by using lenses to focus light. History of the Cell: Robert Hooke & Anton van Leeuwenhoek Robert Hooke CORK CELLS Designed the compound Light microscope Studied cork cells First one to describe and name cells Anton Van Leewenhoek First one to see microscopic water “animalcules” Father of Microscopy Mathias Schleiden German botanist Observed a variety of plants and concluded that all plants are composed of cells. Theodore Schwann German scientist Observed a variety of animals under the microscope and concluded that all animals are made up of cells. I am made up of cells! Me Too! So am I! Yeah!!! Rudolph Virchow Russian Scientist Observed cells dividing into two Concluded that all cells come from other cells. Mitosis The Cell Theory 1. All organisms are made of one or more cells. (Schleiden & Schwann) 2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in organisms. (Leeuwenhoek & Hooke) 3. All cells come from other cells. (Virchow) Looking Inside Cells Organelles Inside each cell there are smaller structures called organelles (little organs). Each organelle has a different function within the cell. Plant and animal cells have different organelles. ( many are the same) PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL Cell Wall Rigid layer of non-living material that surrounds the cells of plants. Made of a tough, yet flexible material called cellulose. Not found in animal cell. Protects the cell and gives it support. Cell Membrane The boundary between the cell and its environment The cell membrane controls what substances come into and out of the cell. Nucleus The cells control center, directs all the cells activity. The Brain of the cell Has the instructions and information (DNA) to control all parts of the cell. Cytoplasm Entire region between the nucleus and the cell membrane clear, thick, gel-like fluid that contains organelles. Constantly moving Mitochondria Provides energy for the cell Powerhouse of the cell Endoplasmic Reticulum A maze of passageways Carry protein and other materials from one part of the cell to another Ribosomes – Structure Look like round specks attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum or free in the cytoplasm Function like construction sites to build protein Golgi Bodies Golgi body packages and distributes materials to other parts of the cell or to the outside of the cell. The cells mailroom (UPS store) Vacuoles A sack surrounded by a membrane Temporary storage of materials Often store food, enzymes, wastes, and other materials Lysosomes Round structures that contain chemicals that breakdown large food molecules into smaller ones. Also digests foreign particles, and old parts of the cell. Chloroplasts Large green oval structures found in plant cells Capture energy from the sun and use it to produce food for the cell. Chloroplasts give plants their green color. Plant cells vs. Animal cells Plant cells have… Animal cells have… cell walls No cell wall Chloroplasts No chloroplast One big vacuole Many small vacuoles More lysosomes Bacterial cells Bacterial Cells Very different from plant and animal cells Bacterial cells… Are usually smaller Have no nucleus No organelles besides ribosomes Have a cell membrane and cell wall Specialized cells Not all cells look the same Depending on what they do they might look different and have different organelles. Jingle Cells We came to school this year, To learn about the cell, We learned the names of parts, Which we call organelles. Our thanks to Robert Hooke, Who looked into his scope, He saw dead cork cell walls and Now cytology is no joke. CHORUS: Oh, organelles, nucleolus, mitochondria, Endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus, Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane with pores, Ribosomes, chromatin, and many vacuoles. Review Questions: 1.How did the invention of the microscope affect scientists’ understanding about cells? 2.State the three points of the cell theory? 3.How are plant and animal cells different? 4.Do all cells contain the same organelles? Explain. Cell Links http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/be gin/cells/insideacell/ http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/3dcell.ht m Homework: Cell City p. 8-9 Compare the places in cell city to the cell parts discussed in class Example: Nucleus is like City Hall because it controls Cell song The parts of a cell. The parts of a cell. A cell has many parts inside. We call them organelles. The nucleus in charge tells the others what to do. A cell has many parts inside. Now you can learn them too. The parts of a cell. The parts of a cell. A cell has many parts inside. We call them organelles. The mitochondria gives the cell its energy. A cell has many parts inside. Now sing them all with me. The parts of a cell. The parts of a cell. A cell has many parts inside. We call them organelles. The vacuoles they store water, waste, and nutrients. A cell has many parts inside. It's making perfect sense. The parts of a cell. The parts of a cell. A cell has many parts inside. We call them organelles. The Cell Membrane lets things in. It also lets things out. A cell has many parts inside. For this I have no doubt The parts of a cell. The parts of a cell. A cell has many parts inside. We call them organelles. Cytoplasm is the stuff that holds the parts in place. A cell has many parts inside. It's not an empty space. The parts of a cell. The parts of a cell. A cell has many parts inside. We call them organelles. Cell Poem If it's a living thing then it's made of many cells. Those tiny microscopic things filled with organelles. These cells have a wall that give the plants their shape Underneath the wall there's a membrane that's a gate. Keeping out the chemicals that for the cell are bad. Holding in the organelles and fluids the cell has. Cytoplasm is the stuff that holds the organelles They each have a function that is needed for the cell. Mitochondria, and chloroplasts and vacuoles. Take orders from the nucleus whose always in control. The mitochondria give the cell its energy. The chloroplasts help make the food the plant will surely need The vacuoles they store water, waste, and nutrients Like a storage warehouse where the extra things are sent. All these organelles work together can't you see? To make a plant the living thing that it was meant to be.