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Transcript
Eukaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Basics More elaborate and bigger than prokaryotes Some live independently, others are part of multicellular organisms Have a nucleus Nucleus Most prominent organelle It is enclosed within the nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope is made of two membranes, unique to eukaryotes “Houses” DNA-extremely long polymers that encode the genetic information Giant DNA molecules become visible in the form of chromosomes as the cell compacts the molecules to prepare for cellular division Controls cell activities Mitochondria Worm shaped, ranging in 1 to several micrometers in size Enclosed in two separate membranes 1. 2. Inner: is formed into folds that project into the interior Outer: smooth Contain their own DNA and reproduce by dividing in two Mitochondria Believed to have derived from a symbiotic relationship between an engulfed bacteria (mitochondria) and an eukaryotic cell The site of cellular respiration: the process of taking glucose and oxygen and producing energy, carbon dioxide, and water During this process they create ATP (adenosine triphosphate) the basic chemical fuel that powers cellular function Without mitochondria oxygen would become a poison Mitochondria Chloroplasts Only located in plant and algae cells Enclosed by a double membrane, as well as have internal stacks of membranes that contain chlorophyll The site of photosynthesis: the process of taking sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water and producing sugar and oxygen Believed to have formed the same way as mitochondria Chloroplasts Cytoplasm Clear thick, jelly-like material (cytosol) Houses the organelles located inside the cell membrane Contains the cytoskeleton fibers: these are responsible for cellular movement Function: Protects and supports cell organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Description: 1. 2. 3. 4. Network of tubes or membranes Smooth w/o ribosomes Rough with embedded ribosomes Connects to nuclear envelope & cell membrane Function: 1. 2. Carries materials through the cell Aids in making proteins Ribosome Description: 1. 2. Small bodies free or attached to ER Made of rRNA & protein Function: 1. Synthesizes proteins Vacuole Description: 1. 2. Fluid-filled sacs Largest organelle in plant cells Function: 1. 2. Store food, water, metabolic & toxic wastes Store large amounts of food or sugars in plants Lysosome Description: 1. 2. Small and round with a single membrane Common in animals not in plants Function: 1. 2. Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller molecules Digests old cell parts Golgi Apparatus Description: 1. Stacks of flattened sacs Function: 1. 2. Modify proteins made by the cells Package & export proteins