Download Ch 3 Review

Ch 3 Review
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Proteins are made up of smaller units called amino acids
Water is an inorganic compound
Diffusion is the main method by which small molecules move across the cell membrane
Plants use sunlight to make food in a process called photosynthesis
The first stage of respiration takes place in the cytoplasm
One product of fermentation in yeast cells is alcohol
DNA replication occurs during interphase
The final stage of the cell cycle is called cytokinesis
During DNA replication, adenine pairs only with thymine
The cell grows to its mature size during interphase
Most chemical reactions in cells could not take place without water
Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
The pigment in green plants that captures the energy in sunlight is called chlorophyll
Most of the energy that is released during respiration is produced in the mitochondria
Each identical rod in a chromosome is called a(n) chromotid
A element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Carbon dioxide enters leaves through stomata
The raw materials of photosynthesis are water and carbon dioxide
The main difference between respiration and fermentation is that fermentation does not use oxygen
During the mitosis stage of the cell cycle, the cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei
Explain why photosynthesis and respiration are considered opposite processes: during
photosynthesis, which requires energy, carbon dioxide and water are used to produce sugars and
oxygen. During respiration, which releases energy, sugars, and oxygen are used to produce carbon
dioxide, and water
Compare and contrast passive vs. active transport: passive transport does not require the use of
cellular energy, and active transport may involve the use of transporting proteins
Difference between autotrophs vs. heterotrophs is that autotrophs can make their own food,
whereas heterotrophs cannot
How do the heterotrophs depend on the autotrophs? They depend on them for food
Label the different phases of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telephase
Draw telephase
Identify the two kinds of nucleic acids and explain the function of each kind. DNA = is the genetic
material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring.
RNA = is involved in the production of proteins
Interphase sometimes is referred to as the “resting stage” of the cell cycle. Why is this reference
misleading? The reason is during this stage three activities happen: the cell grows, makes a copy of
its DNA, and prepares to divide into two cells
Explain how the structure of DNA is related to DNA replication. Cause of the way in which the
nitrogen bases pair with one another, the order of the bases in each new DNA molecule exactly
matches the order in the original DNA molecule