Download Unit 1: Properties of Life

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Biology 43
Midterm Review
Chapter 1: Science of Biology
Big ideas:
1. Nature of scientific investigations
2. Characteristics of living things
Terms
1. Science
2. Observation
3. hypothesis
4. independent variable
5. dependent variable
6. control group
7. data
8. theory
9. biology
10. homeostasis
11. metabolism
Key Concepts
1. What are the big ideas of biology? Provide a list and description of each
2. Explain the steps in the scientific process. Design an experiment utilizing all of
the steps. Differentiate between dependent and independent variables
Observation –
Hypothesis –
Indepedndent variable –
Dependent variable -
Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life
Big ideas:
1. Chemical organization of life
Terms
Atom
Nucleus
Electron
Element
Molecule
Solution
Solute
Solvent
pH
Key Concepts
1. What are the basic chemical principles that affect living things?
2. Describe the structure of an atom.
3. Identify the 4 macromolecules. Describe the properties of those macromolecules.
4. Why are enzymes important in organisms?
Chapter 3: The Biosphere
Big ideas
1. Matter and energy
2. Interdependence in nature
Terms
Biosphere
Species
Population
Community
Ecology
Ecosystem
Biome
Biotic factor
Abiotic factor
Autotroph
Photosynthesis
Heterotroph
Carnivore
Herbivore
Scavenger
Omnivore
Decomposer
Detritivore
Food Chain
Key Concepts
1. How do Organisms interact and depend on each other and their environment for
survival?
2. How do abiotic and biotic factors shape ecosystems?
3. What is an ecosystem?
4. Describe biodiversity and evaluate the importance of biodiversity to ecosystems.
5. Describe the 4 biogeochemical cycles.
6. What role do humans play in the disturbance of those cycles and describe the
potential effects that this might have on the planet?
Chapter 4: Ecosystems and Communities
Big idea
Interdependence in nature
Abiotic and biotic factors shape ecosystems
Terms
Weather
Climate
Greenhouse effect
Habitat
Niche
Resource
Predation
Keystone species
Symbiosis
Mutualism
Parasitism
Commensalism
Key Concepts
1. What is climate?
2. What is a niche?
3. How does predation shape communities?
4. What are the three primary ways that organisms depend on eachother?
(Symbiosis)
5. What abiotic and biotic factors characterize biomes?
Chapter 5: Populations
Big idea
Interdependence in nature
Change in populations
Terms
Population density
Immigration
Emigration
Carrying capacity
Limiting factor
Density dependent
Density independent
Key Concepts
1. What factors contribute to changes in populations?
2. What factors determine carrying capacity?
3. What limiting factors depend on population density?
4. What limiting factors do not depend on population density?
5. How have human activities shaped local and global ecology?
Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function
Big ideas
1. Cellular basis of life
2. Homeostasis
Terms
Cell
Cell theory
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Eukaryote
Prokaryote
Cytoplasm
Organelle
Lysosome
Cytoskeleton
Ribosome
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
Cell well
Lipid bilayer
Selectively permeable
Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Homeostasis
Key Concepts
1. List and describe the 3 components of the cell theory.
2. Describe a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell. Describe the major differences
between the two types of cells.
3. How does the plasma membrane regulate the movement of materials in and out of
the cell?
Chapter 8: Photosynthesis
Big ideas
Cellular basis of life
Cells require energy to support life processes
Terms
ATP
Heterotroph
Autotroph
Photosynthesis
Pigment
Chlorophyll
Key Concepts
1. What is the role of ATP in cells? What bonds are broken to release the energy
from ATP?
2. What happens in photosynthesis?
3. What is the role of pigments in photosynthesis?
4. Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
Chapter 9: Cell Respiration and Fermentation
Big ideas
Cellular basis of life
Cells require energy to support life processes
Terms
Cellular respiration
Aerobic
Anaerobic
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Fermentation
Key Concepts
How do heterotrophs obtain energy?
What is cellular respiration?
How do the processes of cellular respiration and photosynthesis relate to eac hother?
What is the role of oxygen?
When does fermentation occur? Why is fermentation important?
Chapter 10
Big ideas
Growth, development and reproduction
Terms:
Cell division
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Chromosome
Chromatin
Chromatid
Cell cycle
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
Cancer
Tumor
Embryo
Key Concepts
1. How do asexual and sexual reproduction compare?
2. Why does cell division occur? (Three reasons)
3. What are the main events of the cell cycle? Describe what happens in each stage.
4. How is the cell cycle regulated?
5. What is different about cancer cells compared to other cells?
Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics
Terms
Genetics
Fertilization
Hybrid
Alleles vs. Genes
Gamete
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Dominant
Recessive
Genotype
Phenotype
Homologous
Diploid
Haploid
Meiosis
Zygote
Key Concepts
Be able to perform a monohybrid cross.
Use Punnett squares to show the passing of genes from one generation to the next.
Where does an organism get its unique characteristics?
How are different forms of a gene distributed to offspring?
Who was Mendel and what did he do to help our understanding of genetics?
How is meiosis different from mitosis?
Chapter 12 DNA
Terms
Base pairing
Double helix
Nucleotide
Complementary base pair
Key Concepts
Who were the scientists responsible for discovering that DNA was heredity material?
Who were the scientists that helped discover the structure of DNA?
What is the role of DNA in heredity?
What does the structure of DNA look like?