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Description and Function of Cell Structures (Organelles) - by Mr. Hung @ 2014
Description of Cytoplasm
 the gel-like substance enclosed within the cell membrane
 basically the substance that fills the cell
 a semi fluid material surrounding organelles
 It is a jelly-like material that is eighty percent water and usually clear in
color
 a clear substance that consists of all of the contents except the nucleus
 a thick solution that fills each cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane. It is
mainly composed of water, salts, and proteins
 the cell substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus
Function of Cytoplasm
 to provide support to the internal structures of a cell
 where all the chemical reactions take place
 to house different organelles inside the cell
Description of Cell membrane
 a thin semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell's cytoplasm,
enclosing its contents.
 Enclosing cytoplasm and organelles
 Having pores or holes
Function of Cell membrane
 Allowing substances in and out.
 regulates the entrance and exit of substances thus maintaining internal
balance.
 It also protects the inner cell from damage
Description of Nucleus
 Spherical in shape
 Easily seen if the cells are stained
 Contains chromosomes or DNA
 Enclosed by membrane similar to the cell membrane
Function of Nucleus
 acts like the brain of the cell
 control centre of the cell
 controls the cell activities
 contains hereditary information, or DNA
 controls cellular growth and reproduction
 making proteins
Description of Cell Wall
 rigid and strong layer much thicker than cell membrane
 consists of fibres called cellulose
 thicker layer outside the plant cell
 non-living part of the cell
Function of Cell Wall
 prevent over expansion when water enters the cell
 gives support to the cell
 maintains the shape of the cell
 extra protection to the cell
 prevents the cell from injury and being attacked by germs
Description of Large Vacuole
 Found in plant cells only
 Like a water bag
 Contains cell sap
 Contains mainly water, minerals, and even wastes
Function of Large Vacuole
 Store water
 Maintain turgidity of the cell
 Provide colour necessary to attract insects, butterflies and birds
(pollinators)
 Temporarily storage of wastes
Description of Chloroplast
 Oval shape
 Green in colour – because it contains a green pigment called chlorophyll
 Found only in plant cell, some bacteria and algae
 Found in green parts of a plant – eg. Young stems and leaves, but not in root
(underground)
Function of Chloroplast
 Chlorophyll is important to trap sunlight for making food during
photosynthesis
 The palisade leaf cells have a lot of chloroplast to carry out photosynthesis
Description of Mitochondrion
 Sausage shape
 Many can be found in active cells such as sperm cells, liver cells and cancer
cells
Function of Mitochondrion
 It is called a powerhouse
 Responsible to release energy - respiration