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Genetics 310 Practice exam III-1 1. What are the two types of molecules found in eukaryotic chromosomes? DNA and protein 2. True or False? __F_ Man has more DNA per genome than all other organisms. __F_ The number of chromosomes is a direct reflection of the amount of DNA/genome in a species. __F_ All of the DNA in a eukaryote is unique sequence DNA, meaning that it codes for enzymes or recognition signals such as promoters. __F_ Each human chromosome is metacentric. 3. Write the standard karyotype of a normal human female. _____46; XX____ 4. List 3 sex-linked single gene traits. 1; colorblindness 2; hemophilia 3 Duchene muscular dystrophy etc. ] 5. A sex linked dominant gene would be: (true or false) ___F_ 1. passed from an affected man to all his sons ___T_ 2. Passed from an affected man to all his daughters ___F_ 3. passed from a normal female to half her sons (she doen't have it!) ___F_ 4. passed from a normal female to half her daughters 6. Fill in the chart below describing 4 different cases of abnormal numbers of sex chromosomes in humans: Sex Chromosme Composition Name of Syndrome Phenotypic Sex Fertile? Klinefelter's Male No 47; XXX TriploX female yes 45; XO Turner's Female no 47; XYY Jacob's Male yes XXY 7. Why is the use of testosterone not beneficial to XY individuals with the tfm gene? they have no testosterone receptors 8. What is a Barr body? a condensed X chromosome 9. Give a legend that will explain the inheritance of pattern baldness. Genotype B'B' B'B BB Male bald bald hair Phemale bald (thin heai) hair hair 10. In Drosophila: E_ = normal ee = ebony V_ = normal wing vein vv = veinlet (missing vein) In a cross of a normal , normal female to an ebony veinlet male, the following progeny were obtained: normal, normal normal, veinlet ebony, normal ebony, veinlet 44 6 6 44 a) Are the genes linked? ___yes___ If so, at what distance? _____12 map units__ b) Give the genotype of the male ____e v/e v___ and the female_E 12 V/e v___ 11. List 3 crucial technical advances that permitted the assignment of genes to human chromosomes: 1; Isozyme separation (man and mouse version of an enzyme differ in charge) 2; chromosome banding; ability to identify every chromosome 3; formation of man-mouse stable hybrid cell lines that lose many human chromosomes 12. a) How are triploid plants produced? b) What is their practical value? c) Give an example. 4N X 2N; seedless 13. Define the term "monosomy". having only one copy of a chromosome 14. a) What is the chromosomal composition of an individual with Down's syndrome? 47 (XX or XY)+ 21 b) What evidence can you site that shows Down's can pass through the egg? There is an increase in frequency of trisomy 21 with age of mothers c) How can the frequent recurrence of Down's in some families be explained? There are cases where one parent has a translocation of 21 onto another chromosome so often pass 2 - 21's to a gamete 15. List two types of chromosomal aberrations that can cause semi-sterility in heterozygotes. translocations and insversions 16. Which chromosomal aberration has the apparent effect of suppressing crossing over? inversions 17. Which chromosomal aberration produces the following synaptic configuration? translocation 18. What fraction of spontaneous abortions have chromosomal aberrations? about 50% have a visible aberration 19. Give an example of a genetic defect that can be detected during amniocentesis based on: a) a missing enzyme Tay Sachs disease b) an extra chromosome Downs syndrome c) only with a DNA probe sickle cell anemia 20. What is the Lyon hypothesis? What does it explain? Every X greater than one in cells of mammals is condensed and inactivated early in embryology. This explains dosage compensation and mosaic patterns in females such as calico cats