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Transcript
The science of altering the genetics of an organism is called genetic engineering This science is developing very rapidly and new discoveries are being made every day Ie. Crispr In genetic engineering, scientists cleave DNA from another organism into small fragments and insert the small fragments of the same or different species Recombinant DNA: DNA made by connecting fragments of DNA from different sources Steps for scientists to transfer genes from one organism to another: Restriction enzymes were used naturally to cut out viral DNA from their own DNA and destroy it 1. Cut the DNA containing the gene of interest (GOI) away from the genes surrounding it 2. Combine the gene with a piece of DNA from the host organism 3. Insert the combined DNA into the new organism Restriction enzymes cleave DNA More than 3,000 restriction enzymes have been discovered recognizing over 230 different sequences Restriction enzymes are very specific. They will not cut at any other sequence other than the one they recognize Restriction enzymes make it possible to cleave DNA into fragments, that can be is isolated, removed, and combined In a recombinant DNA technique using a plasmid vector, foreign DNA is spliced into a bacterial plasmid The recombined plasmid then carries the foreign DNA into a bacterial cell, where it is replicated when the cell reproduces. If the foreign DNA contains a gene for insulin production, each bacterial cell will make insulin.
