Download Genetic Engineering

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The science of altering the genetics of an
organism is called genetic engineering


This science is developing
very rapidly and new
discoveries are being made
every day
Ie. Crispr
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In genetic engineering, scientists cleave DNA
from another organism into small fragments
and insert the small fragments of the same or
different species

Recombinant DNA: DNA made by connecting
fragments of DNA from different sources
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Steps for scientists to transfer genes from one
organism to another:
Restriction enzymes were used naturally to cut out
viral DNA from their own DNA and destroy it
1. Cut the DNA containing the gene of interest (GOI)
away from the genes surrounding it

2. Combine the gene with a piece of DNA from the
host organism
3. Insert the combined DNA into the new organism
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Restriction enzymes cleave DNA
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More than 3,000 restriction enzymes have been
discovered recognizing over 230 different
sequences
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Restriction enzymes are very specific. They
will not cut at any other sequence other than
the one they recognize
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Restriction enzymes make it possible to cleave
DNA into fragments, that can be is isolated,
removed, and combined
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In a recombinant DNA technique using a
plasmid vector, foreign DNA is spliced into a
bacterial plasmid

The recombined plasmid then carries the
foreign DNA into a bacterial cell, where it is
replicated when the cell reproduces.
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If the foreign DNA contains a gene for insulin
production, each bacterial cell will make
insulin.