Download Cellular Structures Notes

7.3 – Cell Structures & Organelles
State Standard
SB1a
Explain the role of cell organelles for both
prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells, including the cell
membrane, in maintaining homeostasis & cell
reproduction.
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Plasma (Cell) Membrane
–
–
Function: controls what comes into & what
goes out of the cell
Structure: Semi-permeable phospholipid bilayer
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Cytoplasm
–
Substance between the plasma membrane &
nucleus
– Includes cytosol (liquid), organelles,
cytoskeleton, & various particles
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Cytoskeleton
–
–
Made of microtubules & microfilaments
Structural support & transport mechanism
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Nucleus
–
–
–
Nickname: “The Control Center”
Function: holds the DNA
Parts:
1. Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus
that helps make ribosomes
2. Nuclear Envelope – covers
the nucleus – has tiny pores
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Animal Cell
Go to
Section:
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Ribosomes
–
–
Function: make proteins
Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Animal Cell
Go to
Section:
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
–
–
Nickname: “Roads”
Function: The internal delivery system of the
cell
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum
– 2 Types:
1.Rough ER:
– Rough appearance because it has ribosomes
– Function: site of protein synthesis - that’s why it
has ribosomes
2.Smooth ER:
– NO ribosomes
– Function: makes lipids
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
7.3 Section
Structures
7-2 and Organelles
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Complex
Animal Cell
Go to
Section:
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Golgi Apparatus/Body/Complex
–
–
–
–
Nickname: The shippers
Function: packages, modifies, and transports
materials to different location inside/outside of
the cell
Appearance: stack of pancakes
Hint: Golgi begins w/ G. G is for Gift. We wrap a
gift in a package before we send it.
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Animal Cell
Go to
Section:
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than
ribosomes
– Nickname: “Clean-up Crew”
– Function: to break down food into particles the
rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells
– Hint: “Lyso-Lysol” – Lysol products are for
cleaning
–
***only found in
–
animal cells***
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Animal Cell
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Mitochondria
–
–
Nickname: “The Powerhouse”
Function: Energy formation
•
Breaks down food to make ATP
– ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that
require energy
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Animal Cell
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Centrioles
–
–
–
Found in animal cells & most protist cells
Occur in pairs
Function: important for cell division
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Cilia
 Short, numerous
projections that look
like hairs
400x
Flagella
 Longer and less
numerous than cilia
 Create movement
with a whiplike motion
26,367x
• Now let’s talk about structures only found in
PLANT Cells!!
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Cell Membrane
Plant Cell
Go to
Section:
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Large Vacuole
–
Function: stores water
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Plant Cell
Go to
Section:
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Chloroplast
–
Function: traps energy from the sun to produce
food for the plant cell
– Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is
a green pigment
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Plant Cell
Go to
Section:
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Cell Wall
– Function: provides support and protection to
the cell membrane
– Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Smooth ER
Ribosomes
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Nucleolus
Golgi Bodies
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Rough ER
Plant Cell
Comparing Plant and Animal Cells
Plant
Animal
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
Chapter Diagnostic
Questions
Which cell organelles are directly involved with
the production of proteins?
A. ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus
B. cell membrane, lysosome, Golgi apparatus
C. nucleus, centriole, vacuole
D. endoplasmic reticulum, cilia, mitochondrion
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.3 Formative
Questions
Which organelle is similar to the section of a
factory that organizes, boxes, and ships the
final product?
A. chloroplast
B. endoplasmic reticulum
C. Golgi apparatus
D. mitochondrion
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.3 Formative
Questions
In which structure is light energy captured and
converted to chemical energy?
A. chloroplast
B. lysosome
C. nucleus
D. vacuole
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
Chapter Assessment
Questions
Compare and contrast plant and animal cells.
Answer: Plant cells have both cell walls and
chloroplasts. Animal cells do not have
these structures. Only animal cells contain
lysosomes. Both plant and animal cells
have plasma membranes, a nucleus,
mitochondria, vacuoles, endoplasmic
reticulum, Golgi apparatus, centrioles, a
nucleolus, ribosomes, and a cytoskeleton.
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
Standardized Test
Practice
Muscle cells require a great amount of energy.
Which would you expect to find in large
numbers in muscle cells?
A. centrioles
B. endoplasmic reticulum
C. mitochondria
D. ribosomes
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
Standardized Test
Practice
In what type of cell would you most likely
expect to find numerous lysosomes?
A. a plant cell that stores food, enzymes,
or other materials
B. a plant cell that uses light energy for
photosynthesis
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
Standardized Test
Practice
In what type of cell would you most likely
expect to find numerous lysosomes?
C. a single-celled organism that moves
around its environment
D. a white blood cell that digests bacteria
and viruses