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Transcript
7.3 – Cell Structures & Organelles State Standard SB1a Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis & cell reproduction. 7.3 Structures and Organelles Plasma (Cell) Membrane – – Function: controls what comes into & what goes out of the cell Structure: Semi-permeable phospholipid bilayer 7.3 Structures and Organelles Cytoplasm – Substance between the plasma membrane & nucleus – Includes cytosol (liquid), organelles, cytoskeleton, & various particles 7.3 Structures and Organelles Cytoskeleton – – Made of microtubules & microfilaments Structural support & transport mechanism 7.3 Structures and Organelles Nucleus – – – Nickname: “The Control Center” Function: holds the DNA Parts: 1. Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes 2. Nuclear Envelope – covers the nucleus – has tiny pores Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells 7.3 Structures and Organelles Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Animal Cell Go to Section: 7.3 Structures and Organelles Ribosomes – – Function: make proteins Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells 7.3 Structures and Organelles Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Animal Cell Go to Section: 7.3 Structures and Organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – – Nickname: “Roads” Function: The internal delivery system of the cell 7.3 Structures and Organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum – 2 Types: 1.Rough ER: – Rough appearance because it has ribosomes – Function: site of protein synthesis - that’s why it has ribosomes 2.Smooth ER: – NO ribosomes – Function: makes lipids Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells 7.3 Section Structures 7-2 and Organelles Cytoplasm Ribosomes Nucleolus Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Complex Animal Cell Go to Section: 7.3 Structures and Organelles Golgi Apparatus/Body/Complex – – – – Nickname: The shippers Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell Appearance: stack of pancakes Hint: Golgi begins w/ G. G is for Gift. We wrap a gift in a package before we send it. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells 7.3 Structures and Organelles Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Animal Cell Go to Section: 7.3 Structures and Organelles Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes – Nickname: “Clean-up Crew” – Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells – Hint: “Lyso-Lysol” – Lysol products are for cleaning – ***only found in – animal cells*** Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells 7.3 Structures and Organelles Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Mitochondria Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Animal Cell 7.3 Structures and Organelles Mitochondria – – Nickname: “The Powerhouse” Function: Energy formation • Breaks down food to make ATP – ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy 7.3 Structures and Organelles Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Mitochondria Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Animal Cell 7.3 Structures and Organelles Centrioles – – – Found in animal cells & most protist cells Occur in pairs Function: important for cell division Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.3 Structures and Organelles Cilia Short, numerous projections that look like hairs 400x Flagella Longer and less numerous than cilia Create movement with a whiplike motion 26,367x • Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!! Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells 7.3 Structures and Organelles Section 7-2 Vacuole Cell Membrane Plant Cell Go to Section: 7.3 Structures and Organelles Large Vacuole – Function: stores water Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells 7.3 Structures and Organelles Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Plant Cell Go to Section: 7.3 Structures and Organelles Chloroplast – Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell – Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells 7.3 Structures and Organelles Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Plant Cell Go to Section: 7.3 Structures and Organelles Cell Wall – Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane – Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells 7.3 Structures and Organelles Cytoplasm Vacuole Smooth ER Ribosomes Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Nucleolus Golgi Bodies Nucleus Mitochondria Rough ER Plant Cell Comparing Plant and Animal Cells Plant Animal Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.3 Structures and Organelles Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.3 Structures and Organelles Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Chapter Diagnostic Questions Which cell organelles are directly involved with the production of proteins? A. ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus B. cell membrane, lysosome, Golgi apparatus C. nucleus, centriole, vacuole D. endoplasmic reticulum, cilia, mitochondrion Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.3 Formative Questions Which organelle is similar to the section of a factory that organizes, boxes, and ships the final product? A. chloroplast B. endoplasmic reticulum C. Golgi apparatus D. mitochondrion Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.3 Formative Questions In which structure is light energy captured and converted to chemical energy? A. chloroplast B. lysosome C. nucleus D. vacuole Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Chapter Assessment Questions Compare and contrast plant and animal cells. Answer: Plant cells have both cell walls and chloroplasts. Animal cells do not have these structures. Only animal cells contain lysosomes. Both plant and animal cells have plasma membranes, a nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, centrioles, a nucleolus, ribosomes, and a cytoskeleton. Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Standardized Test Practice Muscle cells require a great amount of energy. Which would you expect to find in large numbers in muscle cells? A. centrioles B. endoplasmic reticulum C. mitochondria D. ribosomes Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Standardized Test Practice In what type of cell would you most likely expect to find numerous lysosomes? A. a plant cell that stores food, enzymes, or other materials B. a plant cell that uses light energy for photosynthesis Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Standardized Test Practice In what type of cell would you most likely expect to find numerous lysosomes? C. a single-celled organism that moves around its environment D. a white blood cell that digests bacteria and viruses