Download Overview of Cell Structure

Overview of Cell
Structure
CELLS ARE THE BASIC CELLS ARE THE BASIC STRUCTURAL AND
FUNCTIONAL OF ALL LIVING THINGS.
ALL CELLS VERY IN SHAPE AND FUNCTION, BUT ALL PLANT AND ANIMAL
CELLS HAVE MANY COMMON FEATURES.
The Cell Theory States
 All
living things are composed of one
or more cells.
 The cell is the smallest entity that
retains the property of life.
 New cells arise only from cells that
already exist.
Classification of cells
• Eukaryotic- A type of cell that has a true nucleus. The nuclear membrane surrounds a
well-defined nucleus.
• Prokaryotic- A type of cell that does not have a nuclear membrane and no true nucleus.
Cell structure

The cytoplasm is a fluid that contains all the parts of a cell
inside the cell membrane & outside the nucleus. Chemical
activities happen here, nutrients are transported & processed,
wastes are stored.
Cell Membrane

Outermost boundary of the cell where many of the
cells activities take place.

Made of proteins and a bilayer(double) of lipid
(fat)molecules

Holds the cell content in place

Regulates the movement of materials into and out of
the cell
Nucleus
Control center of the cell
 Contains threadlike chromosomes made of genes
 Chromosomes are made of DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid) which is the genetic
material of life
 Pores in the envelope allow some things to pass
through and not others.

Nucleolus

A small, spherical
structure located inside
the nucleus. It is
associated with RNA. It
is involved in making
genetic material called
rRNA and directs the
formation of ribosomes.
Flagella and Cilia
Flagella- helps the cell move by using
contractile proteins to spin it in a corkscrew
motion.
 Can have one or more and the human sperm
cell is an example that uses a flagellum for
propulsion.
 Cilia- shorter hair like structures that are only
found in animal cells and have contractile
proteins that cause tem to move. They move
more in a coordinated fashion.
 Locomotion is it’s main function or create
fluid current to move materials. Cells that line
your windpipe have hundreds of thousands of
cilia to move debris away from your lungs.

Cytoplasmic
Organelles
YOU WILL EACH PICK A CYTOPLASMIC ORGANELLE TO
RESEARCH.
•
YOU MUST CREATE A POWERPOINT SLIDE ABOUT YOUR ORGANELLE
•
THE SLIDE MUST BE IN BULLET FORMAT AND CONTAIN THE FOLLOWING…
•
A detailed description of It’s role in the cell
•
Which cells they can be found in
•
It’s shape
•
A picture/diagram
•
You will present your findings to the class
Cytoplasmic
Organelles
MITOCHONDRIA
RIBOSOMES
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
GOLGI APPARATUS
LYSOSOMES
MICROFILAMENTS AND MICROTUBULES
CHLOROPLASTS
VACUOLE
Answer the Following Questions

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Outline the major concepts of the cell theory.
What is the difference between a prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cell?
Describe the function of the nucleus.
What are chromosomes and genes?
Describe the function of the cell membrane.
Describe the structure and function of centrioles.
Why would muscle tissue cells require more mitochondria
than fat cells?
What roles does the Golgi apparatus play in the transport of
materials into and out of the cell? What kinds of materials
does it package?
What role does lysosomes play in in the human body’s
defence mechanism? Explain.
Which organelle is involved with cellular respiration and
explain?
Describe using a Venn Diagram similarities and differences
between plant and animal cells.