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Unit 9 Test Review IB Biology • Which of the following reactions occurs when a dipeptide is formed from amino acids? • A. Hydrolysis • B. Denaturation • C. Condensation • D. Oxidation • Which is not a primary function of protein molecules? • A. Hormones • B. Energy storage • C. Transport • D. Structure • Which structure represents an amino acid? A. H N H C. C O N C OH N H H D. H H H C H H H B. H O H SH H N H C OH H C C O C H O C OH • The diagram below shows a channel protein in a membrane. Which parts of the surface of the protein would be composed of polar amino acids. • A. I and II only • B. II and III only • C. III and IV only • D. I and IV only • Which of the following could be a function of a membrane protein? • A. Energy storage • B. Enzymatic activity • C. Oxygen uptake • D. Thermal insulation • Which diagram correctly illustrates a dipeptide? A. H N C. H O H H C C N C H H H H H C C N H H O H C N H OH H H O N C H B. D. O H H C C N C H H H H O C C C N OH H H H O C H OH H H O N C H C OH • What is removed to form mature eukaryotic mRNA? • A. RNA primers • B. Exons • C. RNA polymerases • D. Introns • A certain gene codes for a polypeptide that is 120 amino acids long. Approximately how many nucleotides long is the mRNA that codes for this polypeptide likely to be? • A. 30 • B. 40 • C. 360 • D. 480 • Where do transcription and translation occur in eukaryotic cells? Transcription Translation A. Cytoplasm Cytoplasm B. Cytoplasm Mitochondria C. Nucleus Cytoplasm D. Nucleus Nucleus • What is a difference between the sense and antisense strands of DNA? • A. Nucleotides are linked to the sense strand by hydrogen bonding during transcription, but not to the antisense strand. • B. The sense strand has the same base sequence as tRNA, but the antisense strand does not. • C. Nucleotides are linked to the antisense strand by hydrogen bonding during transcription, but not to the sense strand. • D. The antisense strand has the same base sequence as mRNA but the sense strand does not. • The diagram below represents an animal cell. • Which processes occur in the locations labeled? Translatio Transcription Respiration n A. II III I B. III II I C. II III IV D. III II IV • • • • • Where is an anti-codon located? A. tRNA B. mRNA C. DNA D. Ribosomes • • • • • Which substance is a base found in RNA? A. Ribose B. Thymine C. Adenosine D. Uracil • During the process of translation which of the following statements describes the relationship between nucleic acids? • A. Anticodons on mRNA bind to complementary codons on DNA. • B. Anticodons on tRNA bind to complementary codons on mRNA. • C. Bases on DNA bind to complementary bases on mRNA. • D. A single strand of mRNA is produced from the DNA in the nucleus. • What is an intron? • A. The 3 5 strand of a DNA double helix • B. The 5 3 strand of a DNA double helix • C. A section of mRNA removed before translation • D. A tRNA with a start anticodon • How would the following DNA sequence, ACGTTGCATGGCA, be transcribed? • A. UGCAACGUACCGU • B. TGCAACGTACCGT • C. ACGTTGCATGGCA • D. ACGUUGCAUGGCA • Which are the correct directions of the following processes? Replication Transcription Translation A. 5’ to 3’ 3’ to 5’ 3’ to 5’ B. 3’ to 5’ 5’ to 3’ 5’ to 3’ C. 5’ to 3’ 5’ to 3’ 5’ to 3’ D. 3’ to 5’ 3’ to 5’ 3’ to 5’ • Which stage of translation is illustrated by the diagram below? • • A. Termination • B. Initiation • C. Translocation • D. Elongation • Why are the messenger RNA molecules received by eukaryotic ribosomes shorter than the messenger RNA molecules formed by transcription of DNA? • A. Base deletion mutations make the mRNA shorter. • B. Start codons are not at the end of the mRNA molecule. • C. Introns are removed before the RNA is translated. • D. Bases are removed from the ends of the mRNA each time it is translated. • A certain gene in a bacterium codes for a polypeptide that is 120 amino acids long. How many nucleotides are needed in the mRNA to code for this polypeptide? • A. 30 • B. 40 • C. 360 • D. 480 • What enzyme is used in transcription but not in translation? • A. DNA polymerase • B. Helicase • C. Protease • D. RNA polymerase • If mRNA has a codon CAU, what is the corresponding anticodon on the tRNA molecule? • A. CAT • B. GUA • C. CAU • D. GTA • The sequence of nucleotides in a section of RNA is: • GCCAUACGAUCG • What is the base sequence of the DNA sense strand? • A. CGGUAUGCUAGC • B. GCCATACGATCG • C. CGGTATGCTAGC • D. GCCAUACGAUCG • Where does the RNA polymerase bind during the process of transcription? • A. The polysome • B. The operator • C. The promoter • D. The initiator • What sequence of processes is carried out by the structure labelled X during translation? • A. Combining with an amino acid and then binding to an anticodon • B. Binding to an anticodon and then combining with an amino acid • C. Binding to a codon and then combining with an amino acid • D. Combining with an amino acid and then binding to a codon • In some people, hemoglobin always contains the amino acid valine in place of a glutamic acid at one position in the protein. What is the cause of this? • A. An error in transcription of the hemoglobin gene • B. An error in translation of the mRNA • C. Lack of glutamic acid in the diet • D. A base substitution in the hemoglobin gene • What is removed during the formation of mature RNA in eukaryotes? • A. Exons • B. Introns • C. Codons • D. Nucleosomes • The table below shows the codons that determine different amino acids in protein translation. • • • • • • What is the sequence of the amino acids that is being translated from the following mRNA sequence? 5´ AUGGGUGCUUAUUGGUAA 3´ A. Met-Pro-Arg-Ile-Thr B. Met-Cys-Ser-Tyr-Trp C. Met-Gly-Ala-Tyr-Trp D. Met-Gly-Tyr-Ala-Thr • What does the universal nature of the genetic code allow? • A. Change of genetic code in the same species • B. Transfer of genes between species • C. Formation of clones • D. Infection by bacteria • What is a polysome? • A. A ribosome that is synthesizing proteins from several mRNA molecules at the same time • B. A ribosome that is synthesizing different proteins for secretion • C. Several ribosomes using a mRNA molecule to synthesize protein at the same time • D. Several ribosomes that are synthesizing different proteins for use in the cytoplasm • What is a codon? • A. A sequence of nucleotides on rRNA that corresponds to an amino acid • B. A sequence of nucleotides on mRNA that corresponds to an amino acid • C. A sequence of nucleotides on tRNA that corresponds to an amino acid • D. A sequence of nucleotides on DNA that corresponds to an amino acid • The antisense strand on the DNA molecule coding for three codons of a gene is • TATCGCACG • What are the anticodons of the three tRNA molecules that correspond to this sequence? • A. UAU, CGC and ACG • B. ATA, GCG and TGC • C. AUA, GCG and UGC • D. TAT, CGC and ACG • What is the function of the tRNA activating enzyme? • A. It links tRNA to ribosomes. • B. It links tRNA to mRNA. • C. It links tRNA to a specific amino acid. • D. It links an amino acid on one tRNA to an amino acid on another tRNA. • • • • • What happens during translation? A. Copying of DNA to produce DNA B. Copying of DNA to produce mRNA C. Copying of DNA to produce tRNA D. Polypeptide synthesis • A certain gene in a bacterium codes for a polypeptide that is 120 amino acids long. How many nucleotides are needed in the mRNA to code for this polypeptide? • A. 30 • B. 40 • C. 360 • D. 480 • What enzyme is used in transcription but not in translation? • A. DNA polymerase • B. Helicase • C. Protease • D. RNA polymerase • If mRNA has a codon CAU, what is the corresponding anticodon on the tRNA molecule? • A. CAT • B. GUA • C. CAU • D. GTA