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Cell Structure Notes
Mr. Peterson, Science
Common cells structures
Outer covering called Cell Membrane and
internal gel-like material cytoplasm.
Comparing cells – size and shape relate
to Function.
Two Cell Types:
– Prokaryotic: cells lack nucleus (i.e. bacteria)
– Eukaryotic: cells have a nucleus
Cell Organization
Composed of cellulose, a cell wall grows,
give shape, and protects the cells of
plants.
Cell membrane – protective layer around
all cells.
– For cells with cell walls – cell membrane is
inside the cell wall
– A cell membrane allows food and oxygen into
the cell and waste out of the cell (semipermeable)
Cell Organization
Cytoplasm: Gelatin-like substance inside
the cell.
– Cytoskeleton: scaffolding-like structure in the
cytoplasm which helps cell keep its shape.
– In the cytoplasm, eukaryotic cells have
organelles which help with cell life process.
Nucleus: Contains instructions for all the
cells does, includes DNA.
Cell Organization
Energy-Processing Organelles: help
cells to do their work.
– Green organelles in plant cells contain
chloroplasts to make food (photosynthesis)
– Organelles which release energy (ATP) from
food are called mitochondria (respiration)
Cell Organization
Manufacturing organelles
– Ribosomes make proteins for cells activities.
– Some ribosomes attached to the rough part of
the endoplasmic reticulum, a series of
smooth/rough membranes that move material
around the cell.
Cell Organization
Transporting and storing organelles
– Golgi bodies move substances out of a cell or
to other parts of a cell.
– Vacuoles: membrane-bound temporary
storage spaces.
Recycling organelles
– Lysosomes break down food molecules and
cell waste.
Cell Organization
From cells to organisms
– Tissue: Group of similar cells working together
on one job.
– Different types of tissue working together =
organ
– A group of organs working together = system
– Several systems = Organism
Cells Structure Brain Pop