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Chapter 3: Section 1 Note WorksheetCell Structure pages. 70-77
Cell: the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions
Prokaryotic Cell: cells without membrane-bound structures. Only found in one-celled organisms such as bacteria.
Eukaryotic Cell: cells with membrane-bound structures. Examples are protists, fungi, plant and animal cells.
Cell Organization: each cell in your body has a specific function just like each part of the cell performs a specific function.
Organelles: structure in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that can act as a storage site, process energy, move materials or
manufacture substances.
Tissues: a group of similar cells that work together to do one job. Each cell in a tissue does its part to keep the tissue alive.
Organ: a structure made up of two or more different types of tissues that work together.
Organ System: a group of organs working together to perform a certain function. In a many-celled organism, several systems
work together in order to perform life functions efficiently.
1. What is the difference between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum? The rough
endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not.
Organelle
Classification
Organelle Name
Organelle Definition
Energy Processing
Mitochondria
The “powerhouse” of the cell, releases energy from food.
Energy Processing
Chloroplasts
Gives plant cells their green color (chlorophyll) and helps the
plant make its food. Only found in plant cells.
Recycling
Lysosomes
Break down food and wastes in the cell
Manufacturing
Ribosomes
Makes proteins for the cell.
Transport and Storage
Golgi Bodies
Small structures that sort proteins and other cellular substances
and package them into membrane-bound structures called
vesicles. These vesicles transport material from one part of the
cell to another part of the cell.
Transport and Storage
Endoplasmic Reticulum
The “hallways” of the cell where material is distributed
throughout the cell. Rough means ribosomes attached and
smooth means no ribosomes attached.
Organelle
Organelle Definition
Nucleus
Controls all the cell’s activities, houses the DNA of the cell.
Nucleolus
The inside part of the nucleus that contains the ribosome making material.
Cytoskeleton
The organelles inside the cell membrane that provide the cell shape.
Cell Membrane
A semi-permeable membrane that allows food and oxygen into the cell and lets wastes out of the
cell.
Vacuole
Temporary storage facility for food, wastes and liquids.
Cell Wall
Composed of cellulose, grows, changes shape and protects the cell. Only found in plant cells.
Organelles found in each type of cell:
Plant Cell
Animal Cell_________________________
1. Smooth and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
1. Smooth and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
2. Nucleus
2. Nucleus
3. Nucleolus
3. Nucleolus
4. Mitochondria (Mitochondrion)
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4. Mitochondria (Mitochondrion)
5. Lysosome
5. Lysosome
6. Golgi Bodies
6. Golgi Bodies
7. Cell Membrane
7. Cell Membrane
8. Central Vacuole
8. Vacuoles
9. Ribosome
9. Ribosome
10. Chloroplast
10. Cytoskeleton
11. Cell Wall