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Proteins
Author: Petra Zedníčková
A protein
• A protein is a
complex, highmolecular-weight
organic compound
that consists of amino
acids joined by
peptide bonds
Proteins
• Proteins are essential to the structure and
function of all living cells and viruses
• Many proteins are enzymes or subunits
• Other proteins play structural or
mechanical roles
• Proteins are broken down into
polypeptides to provide amino acids for
the organism
(bílkoviny jsou rozštěpeny na polypeptidů a tak poskytují aminokyseliny pro organismus)
Proteins
• Pepsinogen is converted into the enzyme pepsin
when it comes into contact with hydrochloric acid
• Pepsin is the only proteolytic enzyme that
digests collagen, the major protein of connective
tissue
Class
• Proteins are one of
the classes of biomacromolecules,
alongside
polysacharides, lipids,
and nucleic acids, that
make up the primary
constituents of living
things
Protein regulation
• Various molecules and ions are able to bind to
specific sites on proteins
• These sites are called binding sites
• They exhibit (vykazují) chemical specificity
specifiku, přesnost
• The particle that binds is called a ligand
• The strength of ligand-protein binding is a
property of the binding site known as affinity
„Stabilita / síla vazby ligand-bílkovina je schopnost vazebného místa nazývaná afinita“
Diversity
• Proteins are generally
large molecules, having
molecular masses of up
to 3,000,000
• Long chains of amino
acids are almost
universally referred to as
proteins, but shorter
strings of amino acids are
referred to as
"polypeptides," „peptides"
or rarely, "oligopeptides"
Role of protein
FUNCTION
• Proteins are involved in practically every
function performed by a cell, including
regulation of cellular functions such as
signal transduction and metabolism
• The protein involved in functions control
almost all the molecular processes of the
body
Bílkoviny řídí téměř všechny molekulové procesy v těle.
Role of protein
NUTRITION
• Protein is an important
macronutrient to the human
diet, supplying the body's
needs for nitrogen and amino
acids, the building blocks of
proteins
• Protein deficiency can lead to
symptoms such as fatigue
(vyčerpanost, únava), insulin
resistance, hair loss, loss of
hair pigment, loss of muscle
mass, low body temperature,
hormonal irregularities,…
End
Thank you very much for your kind attention
Thank you very much for your kind attention
Thank you very much for your kind attention
Thank you very much for your kind attention
Thank you very much for your kind attention
Thank you very much for your kind attention
Thank you very much for your kind attention