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Transcript
Macromolecules Part Two: Proteins Biology Standard 1 b Organic Group: Proteins • Compounds that contain N, C, H, and O. • Made of polymers of amino acids. Amino Acid Structure • 20 diff. amino acids exist • ‘R’ Side Chain differs on all of them Case Study: Hemoglobin • Iron-containing protein found in red blood cells. • Transports oxygen to body Peptides • Peptide bonds: join amino acids together. • Dehydration synthesis (forms proteins) Eat Your Proteins! Eat Your Polypeptides ! Enzymes • Proteins! • Speed up rates of reactions w/out being altered (changed). • Lower activation energies of reactions Lower activation energies of reactions How Do They Work? • Each enzyme: a very specific active site in which a substrate can bind. • When a substrate binds reaction occurs. • Enzyme remains unchanged in reaction. • Competitive inhibitors: interfere w/ process. Case Study: Lactase • Enzyme that helps break down sugar lactose into galactose and glucose. • Lactose intolerant: you don’t make lactase. Mutation of Chromosome 2. • Cramps, bloating, flatulence