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The Nervous System
The master _________________ and _________________ system of the body
Method of communication? _________________ impulses
The Three Overlapping Functions
It uses millions of sensory receptors to
_________________ _________________ called
_________________ inside and outside the body.
It _________________ and _________________ this
gathered information called _________________ input
and makes decisions on what should be done. This
process is called _________________.
It _________________ a response by activating
muscles or glands via _________________ output.
Organization of the Nervous System
_________________ Classification
_________________ Nervous System (CNS) – _________________ and _________________
_________________. They _________________ incoming sensory information and issue _________________
in response
_________________ Nervous System (PNS) – mainly _________________ that extend from the
_________________ and act as _________________ lines.
o
_________________ nerves carry impulse to and from the spine
o
_________________ nerves carry impulse to and from the brain
Functional Classification (PNS only)
o
_________________ or _________________ division – nerve fibers that carry
impulses to the _________________ from sensory receptors

_________________ sensory fibers come from the skin, skeletal muscles
and joints

_________________ sensory fibers or visceral afferents come from the
visceral (_________________) organs
o
_________________ or _________________ division – go from
Motor
(efferent)
_________________ to _________________ organs (_________________ and
_________________)

_________________ nervous system – the _________________ nervous
system. Allows us to _________________ control skeletal muscles

_________________ nervous system – the _________________ nervous
system. Regulates events that need to be _________________ and has two
complimentary parts called _________________ and _________________
Figure 7.2: Page 224
Cells of the Nervous System
_________________
Also known as _________________ cells
Highly specialized to _________________ messages from one part of the body to another
The neuron has several important parts.
_________________ _________________
o
_________________ center of the neuron.
o
Contains the normal organelles except _________________.
o
The neuron’s shape is the result of the rough ER (called _________________ substance) and the
intermediate filaments (called _________________)
Armlike Processes or fibers
o
_________________ – many processes that carry information ______ the cell body
o
_________________ – the one process that carries information _________ from the body. The axon
arises from the conelike region called the _____________ _________________. It may have an
occasional _________________ branch (a split of the axon), but all axons branch
_________________ at their ends.
The Axon Terminals (Ends)
o
The end of the axon can branch _________________ or _________________ of times. Each branch
is known as an _________________ _________________
o
These contain hundreds of tiny vesicles that contain _________________.
o
When a signal reaches the end of the axon, the _________________ are released across the
_________________ _________________ or _________________ (a space between the axon and
the next cell)
_________________
o
A whitish, fatty material that covers nerve fibers
o
It helps _________________ and _________________ the transmission rate of nerve impulses
Types of Supporting Cells - Known as _________________ (“nerve glue”) or ____________ or ____________ cells
o
_________________
o
_________________ star-shaped cells (make up almost 50% of neutral tissue)
o
Their numerous projections have swollen ends that cling to neurons. They then _________________ and
_________________ the neurons next to blood _________________.
o
They form a living barrier between the _________________ and the _________________ that keeps out
_________________ materials from the blood.
o
o
_________________
o
o
They also pick up extra _________________ and released _________________
Spiderlike _________________ that dispose of debris, including bacteria and dead brain cells
_________________ Cells
o
o
o
_________________ the cavities of the brain and spinal cord.
o
Their beating of their _________________ helps to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid.
o
This fluid _________________ the cavity and _________________ the CNS
__________________________________
o
Cells that create a myelin sheath around axons _________________ the CNS
o
It has several cell _________________ that wrap themselves around many _________________ neurons.
_________________ cells
o
Cells that create a myelin sheath around axons _________________ the CNS
o
They roll around the nerve cell like a ___________________________________________________
o
Most of its cytoplasm is squished to the outmost part of the cell. This is called the _________________
o
The spaces in between the Schwann cells are called the _________________ of _________________
Interesting fact
Most brain tumors are the result of _________________ cells forming the tumor. This is because neurons have lost
their ability to _________________. This is also why _________________ damage can be so catastrophic for a
person.
Cluster Terms
_________________ – well protected clusters of cell bodies in the CNS
_________________ – small collections of cell bodies found outside the CNS
_________________ – bundles of nerve fibers running through the CNS
_________________ – bundles of nerve fibers running in the PNS
_________________ matter – dense collection of myelinated fibers
_________________ matter – contains mostly unmyelinated fibers
Classification of Neurons
Functional classification
_________________ or _________________ – carry messages from sensory receptors to the CNS. Have
dendrite endings associated with specialized receptors
_________________ or _________________ – carry message to muscles or glands
_________________ – connect the motor and sensory neurons in neutral pathways
Structural
_________________ neuron – most common type. It has several processes branching from the neuron
_________________ – only has two processes, axon and a dendrite.
_________________ – have a single process emerging from the cell body. But this process doesn’t go too far
before it splits into a peripheral (distal, dendrite) and central (proximal, axon) branch