Download Strategic Framework 2014–2017: SDC Global Programme Climate

Strategic Framework 2014–2017
SDC Global Programme Climate
Change (GPCC)
Table of Contents
1 The Global Climate Change Challenge 4
2 Achievements and Lessons 2009–2013
5
3 Mission, Commitments and Positioning of GPCC
7
4 Components and Strategy
9
5 Working Modality
13
6 Partners 15
7 Human Resources, Budget, Monitoring and Communication 16
8Annexes
17
Annex 1: List of Acronyms
18
Annex 2: Positioning in the Framework of the 2013–2016 Dispatch to Parliament 19
Annex 3: Components of the Strategic Framework (outputs)
20
Annex 4: Climate Change Adaptation
24
Annex 5: Climate Change Mitigation
26
Annex 6: Forests and Mountains as Focal Contexts
29
Annex 7: Financial Resources and Financial Planning
30
Annex 8: Observed Impacts Attributed to Climate Change (IPCC 2014)
31
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1 The Global Climate
Change Challenge
Climate Change 1 is a major global challenge and a
key underlying factor in many global risks including
food shortage, water supply crises and the impacts
of extreme weather events. Additionally, Climate
Change is a most relevant development challenge,
as it affects developing countries far more than rich
countries. Development progress already achieved is
being increasingly jeopardized by the negative effects of human-induced global warming.
Climate Change is a phenomenon interlinked with
many sectors, particularly Disaster Risk Reduction
(DRR) 2, water, energy, and food security, as well
as sustainable natural resource management. As
evident from IPCC’s 5th Assessment Report, the unequivocal global warming of the earth’s climate system is due to a large degree to human activities such
as greenhouse gas emissions. This causality calls for
two complementary approaches in order to tackle
the phenomenon: 1) the need to address the root
causes through Climate Change Mitigation (CCM)
measures and 2) the need to cope with present and
future climate impacts through DRR and Climate
Change Adaptation (CCA) measures.
Development Goal (SDG) processes, as well as the
revision of the Hyogo Framework of Action (HFA) I.
In addition, the concepts of “green economy” and
“green growth” have gained significant international attention in recent years, especially during the
2012 UN Conference on Sustainable Development
(Rio+20).
This reality has been fully recognized in the current
Dispatch approved by the Swiss Parliament for the
financing of Swiss International Cooperation for the
years 2013–2016. The Dispatch mentions Climate
Change as a key threat and as a rapidly growing
development challenge of global proportions.
Despite the difficulty of reaching agreement on a
future climate regime under the UN Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the
shortcomings of the Climate Change negotiation
process, it is widely recognized that harmonized policy responses are required at all levels. Securing the
financing to support developing countries in their
CCM and CCA efforts is a critical aspect of Climate
Change negotiations. At present, the modalities for
raising the necessary funds are not yet clear and
the structure of the new Green Climate Fund (GCF),
established in 2010, remains to be decided.
In the wider context, the Climate Change agenda
is addressed not only in and around the UNFCCC
process but also in the wider context of sustainable
development, through various international policy
development efforts, in particular the post-2015 Millennium Development Goal (MDG) and Sustainable
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1 Definition by UNFCCC: A change of climate that is attributed
directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and that is observed in addition
to natural climate variability over comparable time periods.
2 For acronyms and abbreviations, see Annex 1.
2 Achievements and
Lessons 2009–2013
As a result of its first five years of operation, GPCC
has strengthened its profile as a bridge builder
between different actors in the climate change
community. The general strategic orientation of
GPCC has proven to be successful. The combination
of policy influencing, implementation of innovative projects and knowledge sharing has produced
significant results and synergies between these
levels of interventions.
GPCC involvement in the national and multilateral
climate change policy arenas is recognized and was
intense during the period 2009–2013. It resulted in
direct and indirect policy influencing at various levels
(UNFCCC negotiations, IDA-Klima, PLAFICO, SWISSFLEX, and a leading role in start-up of Adaptation
Fund and the Green Climate Fund). At the OECD,
GPCC has co-chaired the Joint DAC/EPOC Task
Team on Climate Change with the Netherlands since
its inception in 2009. We will remain active in this
group, which has produced a wide range of products, focussing mainly on adaptation.
At the operational level, GPCC has been able to
develop innovative partnerships generating recognized results. These partnerships build bridges between different policy levels and players and also
serve to strengthen SDC’s presence and profile
within EDA and the Swiss administration in general.
At the thematic level some adjustments are necessary. In the energy efficiency sector the programme
has a strong policy nexus and a good balance
between regulatory framework, innovation and
knowledge dissemination with a measurable impact. For example in India, 650 SMEs have managed to save 487,000 tons of CO2, which is equivalent to the emissions of the canton of St. Gallen.
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In the renewable energy sector we need reorient our
activities and delivery mode towards increased
engagement in harmonized multi-donor initiatives
and alliances with key actors in international cooperation (GIZ, UNIDO, WB and others).
The cluster Air Pollution and Climate has to be
strengthened. In order to do this, GPCC plans to
continue supporting innovative activities with very
specific targets and products, such as a draft for
clean air legislation in China. In 2013, we joined
the new UNEP-based multilateral Climate and
Clean Air Coalition CCAC (37 Governments and 7
International Institutions), which has the potential
to leverage high-level political will and to catalyse
action in highly climate-relevant sectors. Through this
initiative, GPCC experiences, particularly in the brick
industry sector, can be disseminated and scaled up
in developing countries participating in CCAC.
In adaptation, GPCC focuses its approach on the
following elements: climate information services
and monitoring as a basis for adaptation policy and
planning; capacity building for adaptation policy
formulation, coordination and response; scaling-up
innovative adaptation practices. Leading Swiss scientific expertise has been deployed in these efforts
(MeteoSwiss, Uni Zürich, World Glacier Monitoring
Center, etc.). These institutions are well anchored in
the policy framework at the national and multilateral
levels and deliver valuable and widely acknowledged
results (e.g. climate science partnership, Peru).
Knowledge and sensitivity about climate change has
clearly increased in SDC as a whole and the thematic
network is well established. A good working relationship exists with other SDC networks, in particular those focusing on DRR, Water and Rural Development. A practical tool for climate risk assessment
– CEDRIG – has been elaborated jointly with the DRR
network and has been disseminated widely within
and outside SDC.
Moreover, during the period 2011–2013, following
approval by the Parliament of the 0.5% ODA Bill,
SDC committed an additional CHF 73 million in the
field of climate change. This shows the growing
importance of climate change issues in country strategies and at the programmatic level. The monitoring
put in place for the 0.5 credit is an achievement.
Finally, collaboration with other agencies of the
Swiss administration has worked well and is indispensable. Collaborative approaches have been
generally successful, as it is to our mutual benefit to
include and deploy the expertise of other agencies.
This expands the scope of our actions and increases
the credibility of Switzerland as a whole in relevant
international policy dialogues.
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3 Mission, Commitments
and Positioning of GPCC
The proposed updated Strategic Framework
2014–2017 of the GPCC is fully in line with the objectives of the current Dispatch and will guide the work
of GPCC until 2017. GPCC is an important instrument
of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and for Switzerland to help (1) mitigate
human-induced Climate Change through CCM measures, and (2) adapt to Climate Change (i.e. living with
the symptoms) at multiple levels and in domains with
a comparative advantage. GPCC’s combined and
complementary approach on policy, innovation and
knowledge has proven to be effective in contributing to the achievement of SDC’s overall goal, which is
to support global sustainable development to reduce
poverty and global risks (cf. Dispatch to Parliament
2013–2016, p 18).
Mission
GPCC fosters climate-compatible
development over the long term
Climate-compatible development means safeguarding development achievements from the negative
impacts of Climate Change and reducing or avoiding greenhouse gas emissions without compromising
development goals. Herein, CCM and CCA – the two
key approaches for addressing Climate Change – are
not meant to be objectives per se, but rather to be
complementary elements for achieving climate-compatible development.
Commitments
•• Support Switzerland’s positioning in multilateral
and regional organizations and processes in the
field of CC and development;
•• Engage in policy dialogue on Climate Change
on behalf of SDC with concerned multilateral
institutions and networks including UNFCCC, the
Organization for Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD), the World Bank (WB)/
Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR), the Association of Southeast Asia
Nations (ASEAN), the International Centre for
Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD),
Consorcio para el Desarolllo Sostenible de la
Ecorregion Andina (CONDESAN), the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN),
the African Forest Forum (AFF), and the Climate
and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC);
•• Leverage support and expertise within the Swiss
Federal administration and Swiss public and
private institutions to increase the coherence and
effectiveness of Switzerland’s efforts in CCM
and CCA;
•• Implement globally relevant innovative projects,
which contribute directly or indirectly to poverty
reduction, with a strong Swissness component
related to CCM and CCA in order to mitigate
the risks of Climate Change and to contribute
to the preservation of the natural resource base
of economic development (Federal Constitution,
Paragraph 54, Section 2);
•• Promote institutional learning, knowledge
sharing and awareness building within SDC and
partner institutions and disseminate information,
research results and political and scientific
developments related to CCM and CCA.
•• Induce change in institutional and corporate policies on Climate Change by influencing international
agenda-setting and achieving public awareness;
•• Mobilize and allocate climate finance in a resultsbased manner (i) through dedicated multilateral
funds that can also leverage significant private
sector finance, and (ii) through targeted bilateral
initiatives;
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Positioning
The Updated Strategic Framework of GPCC defines
specific orientations and priorities for its global
engagement, describes its role as a thematic knowledge broker for SDC, and strengthens links to other
SDC units and partner institutions. It draws on the
experience gained during the first four years of
operation of GPCC and is partially based on the
findings of an internal Mid-Term Review conducted
in 2012.
Today, climate-related challenges are addressed
through different channels and institutions in Swiss
development cooperation. DRR is a core concern of
SDC’s Humanitarian Aid Domain and it is an important component of the regional water program of
the Cooperation with Eastern Europe in Central Asia
Domain. In SDC’s Regional Cooperation Domain,
more attention is being paid to Climate Changerelated issues such as climate proofing and CCA
as important cross-cutting issues. The State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), mostly through
the channel of multilateral institutions and global
initiatives, is helping to combat the causes of Climate
Change, particularly by fostering climate-friendly
growth in middle-income developing countries.
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Based on solid field experiences, SDC provides
evidence-based inputs for Switzerland’s multilateral and bilateral development policy formulation
related to Climate Change and acts as a center of
competence on this topic. It works closely and in a
complementary manner with other SDC units and
other Federal offices such as SECO, the Swiss federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), the Swiss
federal Office of Energy (SFOE), and the State
Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation
(SERI) in order to increase the coherence and effectiveness of Swiss policies on Climate Change and
development. The Climate Change and Environment (CC&E) Network hosted by GPCC cooperates
closely with the other SDC networks, in particular
the ones focusing on DRR, Water, Food Security,
and Rural Development. As an example of the
network achievement, the practical tool to assess
and integrate climatic, environmental and hazard
aspects in strategies, programs and projects called
‘Climate, Environment and Disaster Risk Reduction
Integration Guidance’ (CEDRIG) (jointly developed
with the DRR Network) is increasingly in demand
for backstopping and training needs, both within
and outside SDC.
4.Components and Strategy
In order to (i) effectively tackle the double challenge of addressing CCM and CCA in a complementary manner and to (ii) adequately respond to the global context (see above), the GPCC
Strategic Framework consists of four main components:
Component 1:
Multilateral Climate Change Processes and Funds – fair burden sharing
Impact hypothesis: Active GPCC engagement in Swiss and international climate policy and in global
climate funding institutions leads to the inclusion of the development dimension in relevant processes.
Strategic entry points: UNFCCC, OECD, The Adaptation Fund (AF), GCF, AFF, ASEAN
Outcome 1.1: The results of global Climate Change (relevant policy) processes support sustainable
development.
Outcome 1.2: Global Climate Change Finance mechanisms are established and adequately reflect
the needs of developing countries.
In Swiss climate policy, GPCC promotes the inclusion of the development dimension in Swiss Climate
Change positions and advocates coherence and
complementarity in international climate funding
between the concerned Swiss Federal Offices.
At the multilateral level, GPCC is actively engaged
in the negotiations on a new UNFCCC treaty for
the time after 2020. GPCC focuses on key issues for
developing countries and draws on the rich development cooperation experience of SDC. It ensures due
consideration of the development dimension in multilateral environmental negotiations. Another key
priority for GPCC is the mobilization and targeted
provision of climate finance through dedicated multilateral funds, in line with the consensus decisions
on finance produced by the UNFCCC process. In this
context, GPCC plays a direct role in the governing
bodies of the Adaptation Fund, the Green Climate
Fund (GCF), and the Global Environment Facility
(GEF), all of which are receiving Swiss ODA support
as decided by the Federal Council and Parliament.
More recently, there has been a strong focus on the
topic of leveraging private sector action and resources
in this line of work, above all in cooperation with
the new GCF.
Lastly, GPCC is engaged in strengthening synergies
between Climate Change and other related global
challenges such as food security, water management, desertification, sustainable mountain development and forests, in different policy dialogues.
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Component 2: Climate Change Mitigation 3 – fighting the causes
Impact hypothesis: Improved access to clean and sustainable energy, lower emission growth and
more sustainable land use contribute to the mitigation of global risks and to poverty reduction.
Strategic entry points: all SDC domains and COOFs, Swiss embassies, CCAC, Energising Development
(EnDev), Climate Parliament
Outcome 2.1: Targeted groups have access to clean(er) and (more) sustainable energy services.
Outcome 2.2: Energy production and delivery (processes) are more efficient in targeted domains.
Outcome 2.3: Sustainable land use systems that reduce or store greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions,
such as avoided deforestation and reforestation, are in place.
GPCC works in the thematic areas of access to clean
and renewable energy and energy efficiency (including reduction of air pollution), as well as sustainable
land use management.
In the area of clean and renewable energy, GPCC
engages in targeted multilateral and regional initiatives that support beneficiaries in gaining access to
modern energy services. In the area of air pollution,
GPCC supports multilateral platforms and targeted
projects promoting efficient and clean(er) technologies. GPCC further contributes to capacity building
for the design of clean air legislation through bilat-
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eral and multilateral initiatives and advocates for
strengthened know-how transfer between Switzerland and partner countries as well as among partners in target regions. Additionally, GPCC supports
the improvement of energy efficiency in selected
areas with long-standing SDC key competences
such as brick production, energy-efficient buildings
and small and medium enterprises.
In the promotion of (more) sustainable land use
systems, GPCC adopts a landscape perspective that
allows taking account of the interlinkages between
different land uses and fostering the combination
of land use mitigation and adaptation effects in
domains such as forest management.
Component 3: Climate Change Adaptation 4 – preventing and treating the
symptoms
Impact hypothesis: Climate-resilient livelihoods and ecosystems contribute to the mitigation of global
risks and to poverty reduction.
Strategic entry points: all SDC domains and COOFs, Swiss embassies and development NGOs, GFDRR,
IUCN, ICIMOD, CONDESAN
Outcome 3.1: Targeted (e.g. mountain) communities are resilient to extreme events and slow onset
disasters.
Outcome 3.2: Integrated climate-resilient water management approaches are applied by targeted
groups to ensure water security.
Outcome 3.3: Sustainable, climate-resilient agricultural production contributes to global food security.
Under the CCA track, GPCC contributes to enhancing the resilience of livelihoods and ecosystems in
order to alleviate the impacts of current and future
Climate Change and to contribute to poverty reduction. This allows GPCC – in close cooperation with
other SDC domains and entities – to focus on key
areas of development cooperation, namely water
security, food security, and hazard and risk management.
GPCC contributes to national and sub-national
adaptation policies, plans and programmes in
focus countries and regions together with other SDC
entities and key strategic partners. It fosters innovative CCA approaches and practices in the sectors
mentioned above and supports capacity building
of institutions that have a major role in enabling
adaptation at national levels. At the multilateral
level, partnerships will be strengthened with the
GFDRR, ICIMOD and IUCN, among others.
In its operations, GPCC also focuses on particularly
vulnerable ecosystems such as mountains, drylands
and forests.
3http://www.unep.org/climatechange/mitigation/
4http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/adaptation/
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Component 4: Knowledge Management – learning together
Impact hypothesis: By promoting effective knowledge management targeted goals, outcomes and
outputs can be better attained and achievements capitalized and safeguarded.
Strategic entry points: all SDC networks and entities, Swiss embassies, Swiss and foreign universities /
NGOs, MeteoSwiss, UNITAR, IUCN, CONDESAN, ICIMOD
Outcome 4.1: Sound CCM/CCA state-of-the-art fundamentals including climate data and services are
established and accessible.
Outcome 4.2: Decision makers, relevant partners and institutions are aware of sound climate knowledge and experiences and take them into account in their daily work.
Outcome 4.3: Climate Change-relevant knowledge and experiences (know- and do-how) are shared
and applied by concerned SDC units / staff and external partners.
Comprehensive and shared knowledge is a key
to safeguarding development outcomes under
a changing climate. Therefore, GPCC is actively
engaged in strengthening the knowledge base and
fostering information sharing. To this end, GPCC
supports the generation of Climate Change-relevant
knowledge and data and enhances capacity development of partners and institutions. Furthermore,
it supports the sharing and application of sound
Climate Change knowledge and data for decision
making and as a contribution to relevant climate
services (e.g. early warning systems).
12
Finally, GPCC enhances thematic competence in
Climate Change knowledge within SDC and supports its integration into development cooperation
both within and beyond SDC as a cross-cutting
development issue. To this end, GPCC further
enhances existing SDC networks as well as regional
partners (e.g. the network of mountain hubs under the Sustainable Mountain Development for
Global Change (SMD4GC) programme or the forest
network).
5.Working Modality
Innovation
The GPCC operational engagement is meant to provide a critical mass of innovative initiatives at local,
national and regional level. These initiatives focus
on the nexus water / food security / energy, forests,
and (climate) hazards and disaster risk management.
They are established in close cooperation with other
SDC domains as well as relevant partners and institutions. Particular emphasis is given to the aspect
of Swissness, i.e. the provision of Swiss expertise
within these initiatives, which is a prerequisite to
enter into policy dialogue. Thus, GPCC’s innovative
engagement takes place in areas where Switzerland
has thematic competence and comparative advantages, such as air pollution and Climate Change,
risk management, forestry, or sustainable mountain
development.
Knowledge Sharing
To achieve the overall goal and in line with the
modus operandi of SDC’s global programs, GPCC
will maintain its three-pronged approach consisting
of integrated approaches to policy dialogue, innovation, and knowledge-sharing.
Policy Influencing
GPCC contributes to national and international
policy and multilateral processes. Drawing on SDC’s
development cooperation experience, GPCC will
continue providing policy contributions designed to
include the development dimension in Swiss positions and multilateral processes. Besides its team
at SDC headquarters, GPCC also works through its
outreach representations in China, India, Peru and
South Africa to engage in direct policy dialogue with
local, national and regional policy partners and to
follow up on relevant policy processes in the respective regions/contexts.
The CC&E Network is hosted and facilitated by the
GPCC. It is an important instrument, both for knowledge management and for strategic orientation in
Climate Change and environmental issues within
SDC as a whole. Through the network’s focal point,
GPCC further connects SDC with other donors,
through coordination and participation in relevant
international knowledge platforms. The network’s
role has recently been strengthened, particularly in
the context of the new Dispatch to the Parliament
2013–2016, which defines Climate Change as one
of SDC’s priority themes supported by a global programme. The network provides SDC with an instrument for drawing on its own and direct partners’
operational experiences, fostering collaboration
and promoting joint initiatives knowledge exchange
in-house, and contributing to internal institutional
learning, while communicating externally about its
activities. The GPCC contributes to shaping and
implementing the activities of the CC&E Network,
together with the CC&E members from SDC’s other
domains at headquarters and in field offices. All
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members contribute to institutional and thematic
dialogue, as well as to awareness-raising on Climate
Change issues.
The GPCC approach aims to build bridges and
strengthen synergies and interlinkages between
these three modalities. The knowledge generated
through field experiences nurtures policy dialogue
on one hand and on the other hand is channeled
through the network to foster institutional learning.
Where appropriate, GPCC strives to consistently
integrate considerations of the gender dimension at
the different levels of its work (policy influencing,
programmatic planning and project implementation).
14
With regard to geographical orientation, GPCC
will continue, through its operational portfolio, to
support regions and countries highly affected by
the impacts of Climate Change and which play
an important global and regional role in addressing this issue. India, China and the Peru/Andean
region are key geographical areas targeted by GPCC
operations. GPCC plans to phase out its presence
in South Africa by the end of 2015 at the latest and
to manage its portfolio in Africa from headquarters.
These countries and regions are important players in
shaping a future global regime, have a large mitigation potential, and exert a strong influence in their
regions and on other developing countries in terms
of how to address Climate Change, both in the
fields of adaptation and mitigation. Furthermore,
GPCC will strengthen its participation in selected
regional and global initiatives which have the
potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas
emissions.
6.Partners
Addressing multi-layered global problems such
as Climate Change requires multi-disciplinary
approaches and action at different levels and
through a variety of complementary actors. In this
context, GPCC is creating links, bridges, platforms
for dialogue and partnerships between actors from
government and official agencies, NGOs, academia,
the private sector, development practitioners, and
stakeholder associations. GPCC’s activities are
designed to enlarge the group of actors involved
in these issues, to forge new alliances, develop
common visions and find innovative and viable
solutions jointly. GPCC thus maintains contact
with a diverse landscape of international organizations and initiatives and cooperates intensively with
a wealth of relevant partners and stakeholders at
different levels:
At the global level, GPCC will continue to deepen
productive relations with international organizations
and initiatives to enhance policy dialogue, increase
program synergies and strengthen understanding
about Climate Change, e.g. with the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), CCAC, GFDRR,
ICIMOD, and IUCN. GPCC will also continue
coordinating activities and building up multi-donor
initiatives, e.g. OECD, EnDev or UNITAR. In addition,
GPCC will pursue its active participation in structuring and implementing dedicated global climate
funds, in particular the CAF and the GCF.
Strategic partnerships with international organizations such as GFDRR and ICIMOD in specific fields
corresponding to SDC competences and interests
will be further explored. At regional level, networks
and partnerships on sustainable mountain development and in the forest sector (ASEAN etc.) will be
consolidated and further developed. Within GPCC’s
focus countries, the program can build on longstanding relationships with governmental partners
at national and sub-national levels and on a sound
network of national and international project partners. The latter can provide knowledge and experiences beyond their respective projects and promote
South-South cooperation. Opportunities for more
active cooperation with the private sector – particularly for mitigation initiatives – will also be explored.
Collaboration with other Swiss administrative agencies (e.g. SECO, FOEN) is indispensable and will be
further developed in order to expand the scope of
activities – including joint activities – and to further
improve the credibility and positioning of Switzerland in this field. Coordination with SECO takes
place at headquarters level as well as in the field,
particularly in Peru and India. Fostering synergies
with these agencies without losing sight of SDC’s
specific mandate is challenging and requires mutual
understanding of the respective roles and responsibilities. Within the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA), the well-established working
relationship with the Policy Division, all other SDC
Domains, as well as with embassies in SDC focus
countries, is a good basis for future collaboration.
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7.Human Resources, Budget,
Monitoring and Communication
At SDC headquarters, GPCC has two Co-Heads of
section, Programme Managers, Financial Administration and Programme Assistance, and hosts the
CC&E network Focal Point. GPCC also has regional
representations in India, China and Peru (focus
Andean region). These units are integrated in the
Embassies and headed by a Director of Cooperation
assisted by National Programme Officers, Financial
Administration and Programme Assistance.
The annual budget of GPCC is projected to rise from
33 million CHF currently to about 40 million CHF
during the period 2014–2017. In addition, the
current budget and financial plan contains multilateral funds to finance Switzerland’s future contribution to the Green Climate Fund. The growth of
the portfolio is manageable through new delivery
modes (e.g. participation in selected global and
regional initiatives through targeted co-financing);
integrative approaches; increased prioritization and
enhanced synergies between portfolio development
at country level and the global level.
Strategic progress and performance monitoring will
be done using a results framework based on the
structure mentioned in Chapter 3. Special attention
16
will be paid to achieving results with Component 1.
Annual reports will account for results and allow
strategy adjustments where necessary and meaningful. A limited number of common indicators will
allow for coherent and comparable monitoring in all
GPCC focus countries and regions.
In order to ensure adequate adjustments to the rapidly changing contexts in which GPCC is implementing its program, a comprehensive review is planned
for 2016. It will allow for assessment of the operational and institutional results as well.
Finally, the conclusions of the Report on Effectiveness of Swiss International Cooperation in Climate
Change Mitigation and Adaptation Interventions
2000–2012 will be considered for updating or, if
necessary, for readjusting strategic orientation.
GPCC intends to strengthen the public’s awareness of the Swiss contribution to reducing climate
risks through targeted communication measures.
The communication objectives, target audiences,
key messages and actions for this purpose are
developed in a specific communication concept.
8.Annexes
Annex 1: Annex 2: Annex 3: Annex 4: Annex 5: Annex 6: Annex 7: Annex 8:
List of Acronyms
Positioning in the Framework of the 2013–2016 Dispatch to Parliament
Components of the Strategic Framework (outputs)
Climate Change Adaptation
Climate Change Mitigation
Forests and Mountains as Focal Contexts
Financial Resources and Financial Planning
Observed Impacts Attributed to Climate Change (IPCC 2014)
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Annex 1: List of Acronyms
AFF
ASEAN
ASFN
ANFOR
CAF CC&E
CCA
CCAC
CCM
CEDRIG
CONDESAN
DRR
EnDev
FAO
FDFA
FOEN
GCF
GEF
GFDRR
GHG
GPCC
HFA
ICIMOD
IPCC
IRM
IUCN
LED
MDG
NAMA
OECD
PROFOR
RRI
SDC
SDG
SECO
SERI
SFOE
SLCP
SMD
SMD4GC
SME
UNEP
UNESCO
UNFCCC
UNITAR
WB
WMO
18
African Forest Forum
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
ASEAN Social Forestry Network
Andean Forests and Climate Change
Climate Adaptation Fund
Climate Change & Environment
Climate Change Adaptation
Climate and Clean Air Coalition
Climate Change Mitigation
Climate, Environment and Disaster Risk Reduction Integration Guidance
Consorcio para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Ecorregion Andina
Disaster Risk Reduction
Energising Development
Food and Agriculture Organization
Federal Department of Foreign Affairs
Federal Office for the Environment
Green Climate Fund
Global Environment Facility
Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery
Greenhouse gas
Global Programme Climate Change
Hyogo Framework of Action
International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Integrated Risk Management
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Light-emitting diode
Millennium Development Goals
Nationally Appropriated Mitigation Action
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Programme on Forests
Rights and Resources Initiative
Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation
Sustainable Development Goals
State Secretariat for Economic Affairs
State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation
Swiss Federal Office of Energy
Short Lived Climate Pollutants
Sustainable Mountain Development
Promoting Sustainable Mountain Development for Global Change (SDC programme)
Small and medium enterprises
United Nations Environment Programme
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
United Nations Institute for Training and Research
World Bank
World Meteorological Organization
Annex 2: Positioning in the
Framework of the 2013–2016
Dispatch to Parliament
GPCC Vision: Promote a climate compatible development over long run
Prevent and
overcome crises,
conflicts and
disasters
Avoid CC induced
tensions & conflicts
Shape a
development
promoting,
environmentally friendly
and socially responsable
globalization
Contribute to fair global
climate agreement
Promote policy
dialogue
Promote global climate
partnerships (CCA)
Foster knowledge
sharing & dissemination
Support global
sustainable
development to
reduce poverty
and global risks
Promote sustainable
mountain development
Support
transition to democratic,
market-based
systems
Support payments for
ecosystem services
Provide access
to resources and
services for all
Sustain livelihood base
(forests, mountain
ecosystems, land & water)
Provide access to modern,
more efficient and
renewable energies
Engage with private
sector
Support knowledge
creation
Support a low carbon
development (CCM)
Promote fair/equitable
CC financing mechanisms
Promote
sustainable
economic growth
19
Annex 3: Components of the
Strategic Framework (outputs)
Component 1:
Multilateral Climate Change Processes and Funds – fair burden sharing
Impact hypothesis: Active GPCC engagement in Swiss and international climate policy and in global
climate funding institutions leads to inclusion of the development dimension in relevant processes.
Strategic entry points: UNFCCC, OECD, The Adaptation Fund (AF), GCF, AFF, ASEAN
Outcome 1.1: The results of global Climate Change (relevant policy) processes support sustainable
development.
Outputs by 2017:
• The development dimension is adequately reflected in Swiss Climate Change policy processes and
outcomes.
• GPCC’s policy dialogue contributions are adequately incorporated in Swiss positions on adaptation,
mitigation, finance and forestry related to UNFCCC and other relevant global processes.
Outcome 1.2: Global Climate Change Finance mechanisms are established and adequately reflect
the needs of developing countries.
Outputs by 2017:
• Policies, procedures and allocated resources for Climate Change dedicated global funds are
co-determined by GPCC contributions (GCF, CAF, GEF)
• Private sector Climate Change Finance mechanisms complement public efforts in a significant
manner
20
Component 2:
Climate Change Mitigation 5 – fighting the causes
Impact hypothesis: : Improved access to clean and sustainable energy, lower emission growth and
more sustainable land use contribute to the mitigation of global risks and to poverty reduction.
Strategic entry points: all SDC domains and COOFs, Swiss embassies, CCAC, EnDev, Programme on
Forests (PROFOR)
Outcome 2.1: Targeted groups have access to clean(er) and (more) sustainable energy services.
Outputs by 2017:
• New clean air-related legislation is adopted
• Innovative mitigation practices are introduced in different development sectors such as building,
transport, renewable energy, clean air and forestry
• Capacities for mitigation planning and response by people and institutions are enhanced
Outcome 2.2: Energy production and delivery (processes) are more efficient in targeted domains.
Outputs by 2017:
• Energy-efficient regulations and guidelines are available and implemented
• Innovative energy efficiency measures are introduced in different sectors (e.g. building sector)
• Good practices on energy-efficient measures are known and shared/disseminated
Outcome 2.3: Sustainable land use systems that reduce or store GHG emissions, such as avoided
deforestation and reforestation, are in place.
Outputs by 2017:
• Specific contribution to foster adoption of new forest-related legislation provided
• Innovative mitigation practices are introduced in different sectors such as forestry, timber plantation,
etc.
• Good practices on sustainable forest management such as community forest management
are in use and disseminated
5http://www.unep.org/climatechange/mitigation/
21
Component 3:
Climate Change Adaptation 6 – preventing and treating the symptoms
Impact hypothesis: Climate-resilient livelihoods and ecosystems contribute to the mitigation
of global risks and to poverty reduction.
Strategic entry points: all SDC domains and COOFs, Swiss embassies and development NGOs,
GFDRR, IUCN, ICIMOD, CONDESAN, PROFOR, Rights and Resources Initiative (RRI)
Outcome 3.1: Targeted (e.g. mountain) communities are resilient to extreme events and slow onset
disasters.
Outputs by 2017:
• National and sub-national adaptation policies, plans and programs taking DRR adequately
into account are established and being implemented
• Innovative DRR approaches are implemented by targeted actor groups (with a special focus
on mountain contexts)
• Capacities for Integrated Risk Management (IRM) – including risk assessment and early warning
of people and institutions – are improved
Outcome 3.2: Integrated climate-resilient water management approaches are applied by targeted
groups to ensure water security.
Outputs by 2017:
• National and sub-national adaptation policies, plans and programs taking IRM into account
are established and being implemented
• Innovative climate-resilient IRM approaches are implemented by targeted actor groups
• Capacities for climate-resilient IRM by people and institutions are improved
Outcome 3.3: Sustainable, climate-resilient agricultural production contributes to global food security.
Outputs by 2017:
• National and sub-national adaptation policies, plans and programs taking account of food security
and sustainable agricultural practices are established and being implemented
• Innovative soil, water and agro-biodiversity conservation measures and approaches are implemented
by targeted actor groups (with a special focus on mountain contexts)
• Capacities for sustainable agricultural practices by people and institutions are improved
6 http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/adaptation/
22
Component 4:
Knowledge Management – learning together
Impact hypothesis: By promoting effective knowledge management the targeted goals, outcomes and
outputs can be better attained and achievements capitalized and safeguarded.
Strategic entry points: all SDC networks, Swiss and foreign universities / NGOs, UNITAR, IUCN, FAO,
CONDESAN, ICIMOD
Outcome 4.1: Sound CCM/CCA state-of-the-art fundamentals, as well as climate data and services,
are established and accessible.
Outputs by 2017:
• Partners and institutions have improved their capacities to monitor Climate Change and to perform
state-of-the-art vulnerability/impact assessment
• Partners and institutions are enabled to collect, analyse and assess sound climate fundamentals
and data according to state-of-the-art requirements
• State-of-the-art standards and provisions for data access and sharing are established
• Climate Change- related fundamentals and relevant data are used for climate services
such as early warning systems, flood risk management
Outcome 4.2: Decision makers, relevant partners and institutions are aware of sound climate
knowledge and experiences and take them into account in their work.
Outputs by 2017:
• CC knowledge is integrated as a key component into SDC cooperation strategies,
programs and projects
• Awareness for CC&E issues is raised within SDC and external key partners
Outcome 4.3: Climate Change-relevant knowledge and experiences (know- and do-how) are shared
and applied by concerned SDC units/staff and external partners.
Outputs by 2017:
• Active exchange of good practices and experiences among CC&E network members and beyond
• The thematic competence of SDC staff related to Climate Change for policies, strategies and
program implementation is strengthened
23
Annex 4: Climate Change Adaptation
Context
As global efforts to curb GHG emissions
remain scattered and slow, the average
surface temperature has already risen
by 0.9 °C since pre-industrial times. The
world is possibly on a path toward 2–4 °C
warming this century. The impact of Climate Change will depend on the amount
of GHG emitted globally and on national
and local capacities to adapt. A 4 °C warming would result in far-reaching changes
in the earth system, amplify major global
challenges such as food and water security and disrupt people’s livelihoods across
the world. In the UNFCCC process in 2009,
countries committed to holding warming below 2 °C, but at national and subnational levels preparing for 2–4 °C is becoming essential.
Climate Change is changing our environment – affecting resources such as
water, land and forests, changing weather
patterns, raising sea levels and enhancing extreme events. It is causing biodiversity shifts and species extinction, and
will possibly cause economic dislocation
and displacements of people. The impact
of Climate Change on natural resources –
already strained by unsustainable use – is
increasingly evident. Likewise, essential
infrastructure is at risk across the world
as are rapidly expanding cities in developing countries. Climate Change will affect
livelihoods and assets and is expected to
impact the rate of economic growth. The
impacts of these changes are likely to
undermine development and will disproportionately affect the poor.
The impact of Climate Change is a function of vulnerability (predisposition to
24
be affected) and of exposure (presence
of people, livelihoods, natural resources,
infrastructure, etc.). Vulnerability is to a
large extent caused by insufficient resources and poverty, lack of access to public and
private services, and environmental degradation. These aspects are linked to access
to information and alternative source of
livelihoods, gender discrimination, education and good governance.
Adaptation to Climate Change overlaps
with existing challenges of sustainable
development and development cooperation. It adds a layer of complexity to nearly
all sectors as well as to their inter-linkages.
The major challenge of adaptation to Climate Change is not only that it is a technical but also an institutional challenge.
Adaptation requires multi-sectoral, multilevel and coordinated responses, and its
planning and implementation face great
uncertainties and knowledge gaps.
In recent years, governments of developed
and developing countries have initiated
adaptation processes and action. Funding
to support developing countries in planning and initiating adaptation is provided
through various channels, such as bilateral assistance and dedicated multilateral
funds.
Fields of Action
GPCC’s mission is to contribute to climatecompatible development over the long
term, and to support the necessary adaptation and mitigation measures in key developing countries and emerging economies.
GPCC focuses on key areas of develop-
ment cooperation, namely water security,
food security and hazard and risk management. It applies a three-pronged approach
to this end, consisting of policy dialogue,
innovation and knowledge sharing:
POLICY DIALOGUE: Strengthening
international, national and sub-national
adaptation processes
Adaptation to Climate Change is a longterm iterative process involving different
policy levels. At international level the
mobilization of additional climate finance
is a key issue in UNFCCC negotiations. At
the national level, the adaptation process
needs to set the policy frame for adaptation, identify priorities, inform and insure
coordination and mainstream adaptation
into sectoral policies and allocate resources.
Adaptation concerns nearly all sectors and
levels of decision-making. It requires a concerted approach at the national level. To
coordinate a long-term iterative process,
national institutional set-ups have been
launched for adaptation in most countries.
The identification and implementation of
adaptation measures takes place largely at
the sub-national level based on climate vulnerabilities, risks and exposure of people
and assets. Furthermore, the planning and
implementation of concrete adaptation
actions take place at the local level, determining the effectiveness of adaptation
response. The adaptation process at all levels
requires prioritizing action, based on expected present and future climate impacts.
International level 7: GPCC contributes to
Swiss policy formulation in the UNFCCC
process, with a focus on key developing
country issues. In doing so, GPCC draws
on the rich development cooperation
experience of SDC and ensures due consideration of the development dimension
in these multilateral environmental negotiations. Another key priority for GPCC is
the mobilization and targeted provision of
climate finance through dedicated multilateral funds, in line with the consensus
decisions on finance produced by the
UNFCCC process. In this context, GPCC
has played or still plays a direct role in the
governing bodies of the CAF and the GCF,
as well as the GEF, all of which are receiving
Swiss financial support as decided by the
Federal Council and Parliament.
National and sub-national levels: GPCC contributes to national and sub-national adaptation policies, plans and programmes. It
supports capacity building in institutions that
have a major role in enabling adaptation at
national levels. GPCC fosters cooperation
and coordination across sectors, institutions
and stakeholders and supports approaches
to prioritize adaptation measures.
INNOVATION: Developing innovative
adaptation approaches and practices
Although almost all sectors are concerned
by the changing climate, some directly
affected sectors are and will be central in
enabling societies to respond to Climate
Change. The water and health sectors, and
the productive sectors of agriculture, livestock, fisheries and forests will be crucial
in defining overall adaptation capacities
(with natural hazard and risk management
as a cross-cutting issue). Mainstreaming of
Climate Change into sectors is essential
for the adaptation process. Adaptation to
Climate Change needs to ensure that
these sectors can continue in the longterm to deliver their products and services.
Certain adaptation interventions are specific to ecosystems such as mountains,
forest ecosystems or drylands. As adaptation measures will mostly be developed by
local sector professionals, development
cooperation needs to ensure that they
have the capacities to respond and to prevent maladaptation.
GPCC supports innovative approaches
and practices to enable the adaptation
process in key areas of development cooperation: water, food security, hazards and
risk management. It promotes innovation
in particularly vulnerable ecosystems such
as mountains, drylands and forests. GPCC
provides support, information and tools to
raise awareness and mainstream adaptation into development cooperation and
sectors 8. GPCC promotes the sharing of
approaches and best practices at national,
regional and international levels.
KNOWLEDGE
SHARING:
Reducing
knowledge gaps, monitoring of changes and risks
Climate Change is characterized by a high
level of uncertainty in the nature, magnitude and timing of changes. Science and
research need to progress to further understand and estimate climate impacts. To
detect and mitigate climate-related risks,
national and regional monitoring systems
need to be built up. Climate observations
and scenarios have to be improved, updated and made available. The adaptation
process requires major improvement in information services.
GPCC supports research to improve
knowledge and understanding of Climate
Change impacts. In order to improve the
adaptation information base, it supports
the early detection and monitoring of
climate-related changes and risks (e.g.
monitoring systems related to weather,
climate/natural hazards, glacier melt).
With the cooperation of Swiss centers of
excellence, it enhances the research and
monitoring capacities of specialized organizations. It promotes the development of
information services to facilitate decision
making for adaptation. GPCC fosters international exchange of information through
recognized global centers and contributes
to trans-boundary cooperation.
7 Contribution to the topics of finance and forest relates to both adaptation and mitigation.
8 The SDC CC&E Network plays a key role in
knowledge sharing and mainstreaming of Climate
Change into SDC operations
25
Annex 5: Climate Change Mitigation
Context
Fields of Action
The earth surface temperature has already
risen by 0.9 °C since the pre-industrial
period and with current progress in internationally binding mitigation efforts the
world is possibly on a path toward 2 °C
to 4 °C warming this century. The impact
of Climate Change will depend on the
amount of greenhouse gas emitted globally and on national and local capacities
to adapt. A 4 °C warming would result in
far-reaching changes in the earth system,
amplify major global challenges such as
food and water security, and disrupt livelihoods of people across the world. In the
UNFCCC process in 2009, countries committed to hold warming below 2 °C. Much
is still needed to achieve this objective.
GPCC’s goal is to contribute to climatecompatible development over the long
term, and to support the necessary adaptation and mitigation measures in developing countries, medium-income countries
and emerging economies. GPCC structures
its interventions in climate change mitigation in the following four fields of action:
Climate Change mitigation refers to
activities that reduce anthropogenic emissions of GHG by various means, including
increased carbon sinks and negative GHG
emissions (taking GHG out of the atmosphere). There are various ways of achieving
this; most are linked to one or several of
the following:
1. Replacing GHG-emitting energy sources
with less- or non-emitting ones
2. Increased the energy efficiency of production processes and of the delivery
of energy services
3. Land use changes that lead to reduced
or negative GHG emissions such as
reforestation and avoided deforestation
26
1. Access to clean 9 energy services, and
linked to this,
2. Reducing Short Lived Climate Pollutants
(SLCPs) emissions; clean air
3. Energy efficiency
4. Land use
faced by the global Climate Change negotiation process within the framework of the
UNFCCC, GPCC envisages supporting relevant mitigation-oriented initiatives complementary to the UNFCCC, such as the CCAC
and the Climate Parliament. These efforts
can be viewed as early lines of action that
indicate how possible (global) solutions
could look and help to raise the level of
ambition. At the same time, they catalyse
innovative approaches and offer a global
platform for knowledge sharing.
In these four fields of action, GPCC is supporting interventions that, beyond reducing GHG emissions and the associated
benefits of avoided Climate Change, also
produce significant co-benefits for the
affected population. Structuring interventions in this way contributes to near-term
benefits in poverty reduction in addition
to reducing global risks through reducing
GHG emissions; both objectives are in
line with SDC’s core mandate. The figure
below summarizes this logic.
In each of these four fields of action, GPCC
is working within its three-pronged approach of policy influencing, implementation of innovative projects, and knowledge
sharing. In the context of the difficulties
9 “clean” in this case signifies low or no GHG emissions and low or no pollution (covering the aspects
of social and environmental sustainability) relates
to both adaptation and mitigation.
GPCC: Intervention Logic
mitigation
seeking mitigation (short-term and long-term) through
access to clean
energy
energy
efficiency
reduction in
SLCPs and
clean air
land use
also leading to (co-benefits)
improved price
and quality of
energy services
more cost effective and
sustainable production
processes
improved health
and working
conditions
improved
livelihoods
contributing to
reducting poverty and
global risks
27
Access to clean energy services
Globally, 1.3 billion people do not have
access to electricity and 2.7 billion people
are still using unimproved traditional biomass
for cooking. Sustainable economic development is impossible without improved
access to sustainable energy services.
Poverty, health problems and hunger cannot
be effectively combated without improved
access to energy services. However, the
provision of energy services emits GHG
through the use of fossil fuels in the transportation sector, in electricity production
and in heat applications. GPCC is engaging
in the expansion of access to clean energy
services for households, social institutions,
and small and medium enterprises (SME)
and, closely linked to this, the promotion
of renewable energy.
Example: GPCC has supported, since 2012,
the multi-donor partnership EnDev which
has provided sustainable access to modern
energy services to more than 10 million
beneficiaries, 11,000 social institutions and
24,000 small enterprises since it started in
2005.
Reducing SLCPs emissions and clean air
Access to clean energy and reduction of
SLCPs and associated improvements in air
quality (indoor and outdoor) are interconnected and often mutually reinforcing,
but are treated separately here. Reducing
emissions of SLCPs and clean air policies
are closely linked and offer a unique opportunity to generate near-term global
28
warming mitigation and produce significant co-benefits for the affected population, such as improved health, working
conditions, and agricultural yields. SDC has
long-standing experience in this area, for
example through its projects in diesel particle filters, clean air, and brick production.
GPCC is engaging in projects and partnerships that produce significant mitigation as
well as co-benefits.
Example: The clean air project in Santiago
de Chile supported retrofitting of urban
public transport buses with diesel particle filters. The project led to a reduction
in black carbon emissions (a SLCP) of
27 tons per year in 2010 and contributed
to the elaboration of clean air legislation in Chile. The estimated black carbon
emission reduction of the intervention
by 2018, when legislation is fully implemented, is 85 tons per year. Experience in
Santiago will now be replicated through
SDC’s new Climate and Clean Air in the
Latin American Cities Programme, which
will contribute to the implementation of
an ambitious public transport retrofitting
program in Bogota. The creation of a city
alliance comprising interested metropolises on the continent offers the possibility to benefit from experience further in
the future. Results of the Santiago Project and of the Latin America Programme
will be directly relevant to and can be
fed into the CCAC, as Colombia, Chile,
Peru and Switzerland are members of the
CCAC.
Energy efficiency
Energy Efficiency, decentralized access to
energy, and the promotion of renewable
energies are linked and provide mutual
benefits. Energy efficiency gains can be
achieved in energy services, for example
by efficient lighting through LED; in the
production process of goods and services
through optimised processes and more
energy-efficient equipment; and in the
building sector, for example through
lower-carbon bricks and cement. GPCC is
active in areas where SDC, Swiss research
institutions, and the Swiss private sector
have expertise and offer innovative solutions.
Example: Since 2011 GPCC has supporte,
a building efficiency programme in India
in partnership with the Indian Ministry of
Power. The programme has promoted the
development of a building material that
tests capacities for energy efficiency. The
programme supports the development of
energy efficiency standards for residential
buildings in collaboration with the Swiss
label Minergie. The Minergie label is in
the process of being adapted in the Indian
context. It is estimated that these interventions will lead to energy savings of up to
40% per building.
Land use
Through its programs in the forest sector,
GPCC is active in land use-based mitigation
efforts. Further information is provided in
Annex 6.
Annex 6: Forests and Mountains
as Focal Contexts
GPCC innovative programs
in the forest sector
Managing forests and forest landscapes
sustainably is of great relevance in strategies addressing both Climate Change and
mitigation and adaptation. Deforestation
and forest and land degradation combined are responsible for more than 20%
of global GHG emissions. Forests protect
ecosystems and social systems from
extreme events and help them adapt
to changing environmental conditions.
Forests and trees also play a critical role
in sequestering carbon dioxide and stocking carbon. Forests protect soil, water and
biodiversity and provide an ever increasing
number of woody fibers and other products that remain critical for sustainable
development.
During the next four years, GPCC will
focus its work on three regional initiatives: (i) with the community of ASEAN
States: on the role of social forestry and
people-oriented forest policies in Climate
Change adaptation and mitigation (ASFN);
(ii) with the AFF: in expanding capacities
and knowledge amongst African stakeholders involved in forest, land-use and
Climate Change; and with (iii) the Andean
Countries: in defining the role of mountain
forests in Climate Change strategies and
supporting the development of new policy
approaches (Andean Forest and Climate
Change (ANFOR) and Nationally Appropri-
ated Mitigation Action (NAMA) Forestal
Chile). A small research component that
addresses issues of vulnerability and resilience in boreal forests, the largest forest
massifs in the world, complements GPCC’s
forest programme. Institutional capacity
development, knowledge exchange and
pilot experimentation are core elements of
these initiatives. It is expected that these
four initiatives will supplement Switzerland’s multilateral efforts in the field of
forests and land-use by developing alliances
and concrete field experiences and thus
shape post-2020 Climate Change strategies in the UNFCCC.
GPCC promotes Sustainable
Mountain Development for
Global Change
Mountains cover approximately 27% of
the Earth’s land surface, are home to about
850 million people and provide indispensable goods and services for humankind.
Mountain regions supply half of the global
population with freshwater and play an
important role in the production of hydropower as ‘green energy’. They are centers of biological diversity, sources of raw
materials and important touristic destinations. However, many mountain regions
suffer from dire poverty, widespread land
degradation and inequitable land rights,
and are already enduring severe negative
Climate Change impacts. Mountains are
among the regions most sensitive to and
already affected by Climate Change. Their
ecosystems act as early indicators, e.g.
through rapid glacier melting, with consequences far beyond mountain boundaries,
making Climate Change in mountains a
global concern.
As a mountain country, Switzerland has
an intrinsic interest and a proven track
record in sustainable development within
a mountainous setting. Through the new
institutional embedment of the mountain
portfolio in the GPCC – as well as through
expressed willingness to better integrate
and connect mountain aspects with global
issues, particularly water, forests, energy,
food security, DRR and migration – continuing support to key strategic partners
linked to Sustainable Mountain Development (SMD) will remain highly relevant
for SDC, especially after the momentum
created by the successful efforts linked to
the Rio+20 process. In the coming years,
GPCC’s activities related to SMD will
focus on (1) securing the cooperation and
work done by a number of strategic partners of SDC in promoting SMD while (2)
increasingly addressing global changes and
challenges in mountain contexts, such as
Climate Change and DRR in particular. In
this way the new institutional embedment
of ‘mountains’ within the Global Cooperation Domain will be coherent.
29
Annex 7: Financial Resources and
Financial Planning
Financial Resources 2014–2017 (in CHF)
TYPE
2014
2015
2016
2017
BILATERAL
35,000,000
36,100,000
38,000,000
39,100,000
MULTILATERAL
27,000,000
30,000,000
32,000,000
32,000,000
Anticipated Disbursements 2014–2017 (in CHF)
OUTCOME
Plan 2014
Plan 2015
CC MITIGATION
13,182,746
17,375,200
16,052,000
8,241,000
CC ADAPTATION
9,523,899
11,616,888
9,660,000
4,407,082
CC MITIGATION
AND ADAPTATION
9,639,345
9,417,600
6,761,400
5,778,000
KNOWLEDGE
MANAGEMENT
6,828,150
6,970,000
5,680,000
4,300,000
39,174,140
45,379,688
38,153,400
22,726,082
MULTILATERAL
27,000,000
30,000,000
32,000,000
32,000,000
TOTAL
66,174,140
75,379,688
70,153,400
54,726,082
TOTAL BILATERAL
30
Plan 2016
Plan 2017
Annex 8: Observed Impacts Attributed
to Climate Change (IPCC 2014)
(Source: Summary for Policymakers, Working Group II, IPCC 2014)
31
Imprint
Publisher:
Federal Department of Foreign Affairs FDFA
Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC
3003 Bern
Design:
Julia Curty, SUPERSCRIPT GmbH, Brügg b. Biel/Bienne
Photos:
PACC Peru front cover, page 5, 9
Daniel Maselli page 6, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17
GPCC China page 8
MMA Chile/ Terraconsult page 10
Orders:
www.sdc.admin.ch (heading “Publications”)
Contact:
Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation
Global Programme Climate Change GPCC
Tel. +41 58 465 92 82
[email protected]
www.sdc.admin.ch
Bern, 2014