Mantle Convection in the Earth and Planets - U
... Convection is the most important process in the mantle, and it sets the pace for the evolution of the Earth as a whole. It controls the distribution of land and water on geologic time scales, and its influences range from the Earth’s climate system, cycles of glaciation, and biological evolution to t ...
... Convection is the most important process in the mantle, and it sets the pace for the evolution of the Earth as a whole. It controls the distribution of land and water on geologic time scales, and its influences range from the Earth’s climate system, cycles of glaciation, and biological evolution to t ...
AP Environmental Science
... CBR 8 The course provides students with the scientific principles, concepts, and methodologies required to understand the interrelationships of the natural world. The curriculum draws upon various scientific disciplines. CBR 9 The course includes methods for analyzing and interpreting information an ...
... CBR 8 The course provides students with the scientific principles, concepts, and methodologies required to understand the interrelationships of the natural world. The curriculum draws upon various scientific disciplines. CBR 9 The course includes methods for analyzing and interpreting information an ...
CURRICULUM VITAE - INSTAAR - University of Colorado Boulder
... teaching faculty, finance, clerical & IT staff. As Head, Sediment Dynamics (Geological Survey of Canada Atlantic), I coordinated staff engaged in environmental marine issues: tidal power, iceberg scouring of the seafloor, cable routing, and slope stability problems. As Director of INSTAAR, a CU rese ...
... teaching faculty, finance, clerical & IT staff. As Head, Sediment Dynamics (Geological Survey of Canada Atlantic), I coordinated staff engaged in environmental marine issues: tidal power, iceberg scouring of the seafloor, cable routing, and slope stability problems. As Director of INSTAAR, a CU rese ...
Climate Change Effects and Adaptation Approaches in Marine and
... Implications of climate change for ecosystems, habitats, and species Climate change effects, independently or in combination, are fundamentally altering ocean ecosystems. 65 Effects on habitats (habitat loss and transition) and species (invasive species interactions, range shifts and phenological de ...
... Implications of climate change for ecosystems, habitats, and species Climate change effects, independently or in combination, are fundamentally altering ocean ecosystems. 65 Effects on habitats (habitat loss and transition) and species (invasive species interactions, range shifts and phenological de ...
The Upper Mantle Geoid: Implications for Continental Structure and
... reference ellipsoid (effectively, the J1/J2 terms have been removed from the expansion). As pointed out by Anderson (1982), and others, the geoid anomalies in Figure 1a do not correlated well with the present-day tectonic features of the Earth (with the exception of the trenches and hotspots). Most ...
... reference ellipsoid (effectively, the J1/J2 terms have been removed from the expansion). As pointed out by Anderson (1982), and others, the geoid anomalies in Figure 1a do not correlated well with the present-day tectonic features of the Earth (with the exception of the trenches and hotspots). Most ...
Geophysical and Petrological Constraints on Ocean Plate Dynamics
... ridges as the underlying asthenosphere rises, melts, and flows away from the ridge axis. In Chapters 2 and 3, I present the results from partial melting experiments of mantle peridotite that were conducted in order to examine the mantle melting point, or solidus, beneath a mid-ocean ridge. Chapter 2 ...
... ridges as the underlying asthenosphere rises, melts, and flows away from the ridge axis. In Chapters 2 and 3, I present the results from partial melting experiments of mantle peridotite that were conducted in order to examine the mantle melting point, or solidus, beneath a mid-ocean ridge. Chapter 2 ...
the climate crisis: national security, public health, and economic
... years. Recent studies suggest that by 2050, our Nation could face at least half-a-trillion dollars in damages every year due to climate change, a 1.5 percent cut in GDP. Global GDP could fall as much as 20 percent. The costs of inaction are not limited to the impacts of global warming. They also inc ...
... years. Recent studies suggest that by 2050, our Nation could face at least half-a-trillion dollars in damages every year due to climate change, a 1.5 percent cut in GDP. Global GDP could fall as much as 20 percent. The costs of inaction are not limited to the impacts of global warming. They also inc ...
A comparison of OEM CO retrievals from the IASI and MOPITT
... Received: 20 September 2010 – Published in Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss.: 10 November 2010 Revised: 2 April 2011 – Accepted: 21 April 2011 – Published: 2 May 2011 ...
... Received: 20 September 2010 – Published in Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss.: 10 November 2010 Revised: 2 April 2011 – Accepted: 21 April 2011 – Published: 2 May 2011 ...
Do Now
... the elephants carrying their equipment. How much water will the explorer need if he has 15 elephants, and they can find 100 L of water from a river on the trip? (Do not copy question) • Vocab.: watershed - Land area that supplies water to a river system A stream’s channel Summary Answer: • Summary: ...
... the elephants carrying their equipment. How much water will the explorer need if he has 15 elephants, and they can find 100 L of water from a river on the trip? (Do not copy question) • Vocab.: watershed - Land area that supplies water to a river system A stream’s channel Summary Answer: • Summary: ...
First- and Second-Order Patterns of Stress in the
... second-orderstresspatterns typically have wavelengths ranging from 5 to 10+ times the thickness of the brittle upper lithosphere. A two-dimensional analysis of the amount of rotation of regional horizontal stressorientations due to a superimposedlocal stressconstrainsthe ratio of the magnitude of th ...
... second-orderstresspatterns typically have wavelengths ranging from 5 to 10+ times the thickness of the brittle upper lithosphere. A two-dimensional analysis of the amount of rotation of regional horizontal stressorientations due to a superimposedlocal stressconstrainsthe ratio of the magnitude of th ...
PDF of this page - Miami bulletin
... Description and evaluation of sedimentary processes, sedimentary environments of deposition and the rocks that form in these environments are integrated with field trips and laboratory analyses of rocks in hand sample and thin section. Stratigraphic principles, sequence stratigraphy, and basin analy ...
... Description and evaluation of sedimentary processes, sedimentary environments of deposition and the rocks that form in these environments are integrated with field trips and laboratory analyses of rocks in hand sample and thin section. Stratigraphic principles, sequence stratigraphy, and basin analy ...
Exploring Geology: What-To-Know List
... List the main characteristics of obsidian, pumice, scoria, tuff, breccia, and pegmatite, and indicate where each of these rock types fits into an igneous classification system based on composition. Summarize the main minerals that are present in felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic rocks. ...
... List the main characteristics of obsidian, pumice, scoria, tuff, breccia, and pegmatite, and indicate where each of these rock types fits into an igneous classification system based on composition. Summarize the main minerals that are present in felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic rocks. ...
Plate Tectonics - The Web site cannot be found
... either side of the MOR drift apart. Because the size of the Earth remains constant an area equal to the new lithosphere formed must per unit time be removed somewhere else. This occurs where lithosphere is subducted. Since a few million years after its creation the oceanic lithosphere exhibits a den ...
... either side of the MOR drift apart. Because the size of the Earth remains constant an area equal to the new lithosphere formed must per unit time be removed somewhere else. This occurs where lithosphere is subducted. Since a few million years after its creation the oceanic lithosphere exhibits a den ...
ECCA 2017 Full Programme
... Wednesday 7 June 2017 AM (11:00-12:45)...................................................................................... 154 6.5 How climate services can enable successful urban adaptation .....................................................................154 8.1 Adaptation, Mitigation and Tra ...
... Wednesday 7 June 2017 AM (11:00-12:45)...................................................................................... 154 6.5 How climate services can enable successful urban adaptation .....................................................................154 8.1 Adaptation, Mitigation and Tra ...
pdf version - Berkeley Seismological Laboratory
... of geophysical measurements provides the most direct estimate of melt production at mid-ocean ridges. However, there are several challenges for this observation-based method, including: 1. This method is limited by the preservation of old oceanic crust. The oldest seafloor is 180 Ma, and this method ...
... of geophysical measurements provides the most direct estimate of melt production at mid-ocean ridges. However, there are several challenges for this observation-based method, including: 1. This method is limited by the preservation of old oceanic crust. The oldest seafloor is 180 Ma, and this method ...
Conference Programme and Abstracts Programme et
... the Mackenzie River Basin over the past millennium: Implications for river-ocean interactions and natural resource management in the North Interactions between water, ice and sediment during spring breakup at the mouth of the Mackenzie River, Northwest Territories Impact of climate variability and p ...
... the Mackenzie River Basin over the past millennium: Implications for river-ocean interactions and natural resource management in the North Interactions between water, ice and sediment during spring breakup at the mouth of the Mackenzie River, Northwest Territories Impact of climate variability and p ...
The Conference Programme and abstracts is now available
... the Mackenzie River Basin over the past millennium: Implications for river-ocean interactions and natural resource management in the North Interactions between water, ice and sediment during spring breakup at the mouth of the Mackenzie River, Northwest Territories Impact of climate variability and p ...
... the Mackenzie River Basin over the past millennium: Implications for river-ocean interactions and natural resource management in the North Interactions between water, ice and sediment during spring breakup at the mouth of the Mackenzie River, Northwest Territories Impact of climate variability and p ...
Drought in the United States: Causes and Current Understanding Peter Folger
... historical and instrumental records, and tree rings—illustrate that portions of the conterminous United States have experienced periods of severe and long-lasting drought termed megadroughts. For example, drought reconstructions from tree rings document that severe multi-decadal drought occurred in ...
... historical and instrumental records, and tree rings—illustrate that portions of the conterminous United States have experienced periods of severe and long-lasting drought termed megadroughts. For example, drought reconstructions from tree rings document that severe multi-decadal drought occurred in ...
ENSO nonlinearity in a warming climate
... - The "distorsion" of the PDF of tropical Pacific climate variables is a signature of the presence of nonlinearity in the ENSO system. Quantifying this distorsion can provide insights on an integrated level of ENSO nonlinearity ...
... - The "distorsion" of the PDF of tropical Pacific climate variables is a signature of the presence of nonlinearity in the ENSO system. Quantifying this distorsion can provide insights on an integrated level of ENSO nonlinearity ...
Mantle Melting Beneath Mid-Ocean Ridges The Harvard community
... Putting these considerations together, the first-order prediction is that hotter mantle leads to lower sodium content, thicker crust, and shallow water depths, and colder mantle to higher sodium contents, thinner crust, and greater depths. Observations are in agreement with this prediction, as Figur ...
... Putting these considerations together, the first-order prediction is that hotter mantle leads to lower sodium content, thicker crust, and shallow water depths, and colder mantle to higher sodium contents, thinner crust, and greater depths. Observations are in agreement with this prediction, as Figur ...
Antipodal hotspots and bipolar catastrophes: Were oceanic large
... and began erupting several Myr before, the endCretaceous Chicxulub impact in Mexico. In addition, no clear example of impact-induced volcanism, unrelated to melt sheets, has been confirmed at any known terrestrial crater. Matyska [16] noted, however, that hotspot distributions for both large and sma ...
... and began erupting several Myr before, the endCretaceous Chicxulub impact in Mexico. In addition, no clear example of impact-induced volcanism, unrelated to melt sheets, has been confirmed at any known terrestrial crater. Matyska [16] noted, however, that hotspot distributions for both large and sma ...
Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment
The Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) is a research program of the World Climate Research Programme intended to observe, comprehend and model the Earth's water cycle. The experiment also observes how much energy the Earth receives, studies how much of that energy reaches surfaces of the Earth and how that energy is transformed. Sunlight's energy evaporates water to produce clouds and rain, and dries out land masses after rain. Rain that falls on land becomes the water budget which can be used by people for agricultural and other processes.GEWEX is a collaboration of researchers worldwide to find better ways of studying the water cycle and how it transforms energy through the atmosphere. If the Earth's climates were identical from year to year, then people could predict when, where and what crops to plant. However, instability created by solar variation, weather trends, and chaotic events create weather that is unpredictable on seasonal scales. Through weather patterns such as droughts and higher rainfall these cycles impact ecosystems and human activities. GEWEX is designed to collect a much greater amount of data, and see if better models of that data can forecast weather and climate change into the future.GEWEX is organized into several structures. As GEWEX was conceived projects were organized by participating factions, this task is now done by the International GEWEX Project Office (IGPO). IGPO oversees major initiatives and coordinates between national projects in an effort to bring about communication of researchers. IGPO claims to support communication exchange between 2000 scientist and is the instrument for publication of major reports. The Scientific Steering Group organizes the projects and assigns them to panels, which oversee progress and provide critique. The Coordinated Energy and Water Cycle Observations Project (CEOP) the 'Hydrology Project' is a major instrument in GEWEX. This panel includes geographic study areas such as the Climate Prediction Program for the Americas operated by NOAA, but also examines several types of climate zones (e.g. high altitude and semi-arid). Another panel, the GEWEX Radiation Panel oversees the coordinated use of satellites and ground based observation to better estimate energy and water fluxes. One recent result GEWEX's Radiation panel has assessed data on rainfall for the last 25 years and determined that that global rainfall is 2.61 mm/day with a small statistical variation. While the study period is short, after 25 years of measurement regional trends are beginning to appear. The GEWEX Modeling and Prediction Panel takes current models and analyzes the models when climate forcing phenomena occur (global warming as an example of a 'climate forcing' event). GEWEX is now the core project of WCRP.