The main characteristics of atmospheric circulation associated with
... from the first dataset. The first fog day of a fog event is characterized as D day, the 24-h period prior to D day is characterized as D-1 day and the 24-h period that follows the last fog day is characterized as END day. An analytic scheme of these definitions is presented in Fig. 2. For the 1055 f ...
... from the first dataset. The first fog day of a fog event is characterized as D day, the 24-h period prior to D day is characterized as D-1 day and the 24-h period that follows the last fog day is characterized as END day. An analytic scheme of these definitions is presented in Fig. 2. For the 1055 f ...
Whole-mantle convection with tectonic plates preserves
... due to too many unquantifiable variables such as amount of material recycled, which part of the lithosphere recycled9, 10, and the timing of incorporation into the convecting mantle11, 12. Suggested recycled components have included lower continental crust11, sub-continental lithospheric mantle10, 1 ...
... due to too many unquantifiable variables such as amount of material recycled, which part of the lithosphere recycled9, 10, and the timing of incorporation into the convecting mantle11, 12. Suggested recycled components have included lower continental crust11, sub-continental lithospheric mantle10, 1 ...
Density modeling of the Escollos Alijos Seamount
... minimum, of up to -47 m with respect of the WGS84 ellipsoid, which extends over the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Subtracting from the geoid undulation its long-wavelength component and the undulation due to the seamount topography itself, a negative undulation anomaly persists that indicates a mass d ...
... minimum, of up to -47 m with respect of the WGS84 ellipsoid, which extends over the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Subtracting from the geoid undulation its long-wavelength component and the undulation due to the seamount topography itself, a negative undulation anomaly persists that indicates a mass d ...
Northeast Ocean Plan - Northeast Regional Planning Body
... New England was born of the ocean. The region’s identity and its vitality are inextricably intertwined with the sea. As with its past, New England’s future is equally bound to the fate of the great waters that roll ceaselessly from the northern reaches of the Gulf of Maine to Long Island Sound and ...
... New England was born of the ocean. The region’s identity and its vitality are inextricably intertwined with the sea. As with its past, New England’s future is equally bound to the fate of the great waters that roll ceaselessly from the northern reaches of the Gulf of Maine to Long Island Sound and ...
Practice Quiz for Ch. 15 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best
... 31. The thick tectonic plates are composed of the earth's crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle (above the asthenosphere), a combination called the ____________________. 32. A major external process is ____________________, which is the physical, chemical, and biological processes that b ...
... 31. The thick tectonic plates are composed of the earth's crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle (above the asthenosphere), a combination called the ____________________. 32. A major external process is ____________________, which is the physical, chemical, and biological processes that b ...
Contents and Preface
... reasons, the crustal structure is much better known and is much better understood than the structure of the lithospheric mantle. While it is universally understood that the crust is highly heterogeneous, many geophysical models still treat the lithospheric mantle as an almost homogeneous layer. The ...
... reasons, the crustal structure is much better known and is much better understood than the structure of the lithospheric mantle. While it is universally understood that the crust is highly heterogeneous, many geophysical models still treat the lithospheric mantle as an almost homogeneous layer. The ...
The Oceanic Lithosphere
... features, thermal subsidence, etc. Ship-mounted systems allow for surveys of large areas of the seafloor, but near-bottom instruments mounted on deep-tow systems, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) provide highresolution images to study in detail volcanic and ...
... features, thermal subsidence, etc. Ship-mounted systems allow for surveys of large areas of the seafloor, but near-bottom instruments mounted on deep-tow systems, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) provide highresolution images to study in detail volcanic and ...
Climate change and human health
... warmest since instrumental records began in the nineteenth century, and contained 9 of the 10 warmest years ever recorded. The causes of this change are increasingly well understood. The Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, published in 2001, goes further than it ...
... warmest since instrumental records began in the nineteenth century, and contained 9 of the 10 warmest years ever recorded. The causes of this change are increasingly well understood. The Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, published in 2001, goes further than it ...
Climate change and human health RISKS AND RESPONSES Editors
... warmest since instrumental records began in the nineteenth century, and contained 9 of the 10 warmest years ever recorded. The causes of this change are increasingly well understood. The Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, published in 2001, goes further than it ...
... warmest since instrumental records began in the nineteenth century, and contained 9 of the 10 warmest years ever recorded. The causes of this change are increasingly well understood. The Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, published in 2001, goes further than it ...
Linking long-term, large-scale climatic and environmental variability
... of ecosystem responsiveness to climatic perturbations such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) can provide insight into how ecosystems will respond to climate change. Although these climate patterns are ocean-based, unders ...
... of ecosystem responsiveness to climatic perturbations such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) can provide insight into how ecosystems will respond to climate change. Although these climate patterns are ocean-based, unders ...
Linking long-term, large-scale climatic and environmental variability to patterns of
... of ecosystem responsiveness to climatic perturbations such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) can provide insight into how ecosystems will respond to climate change. Although these climate patterns are ocean-based, unders ...
... of ecosystem responsiveness to climatic perturbations such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) can provide insight into how ecosystems will respond to climate change. Although these climate patterns are ocean-based, unders ...
Assessment of coastal vulnerability to climate change
... The Mediterranean Basin is particularly vulnerable to climate changes, which depend on the regional oceanographic responses to global climate change and the local/regional geographical features (Simeoni and Corbau, 2009; EEA, 2006). Particularly, in areas of coastal subsidence, climate-related sea l ...
... The Mediterranean Basin is particularly vulnerable to climate changes, which depend on the regional oceanographic responses to global climate change and the local/regional geographical features (Simeoni and Corbau, 2009; EEA, 2006). Particularly, in areas of coastal subsidence, climate-related sea l ...
A model for the layered upper mantle
... A two-layered mantle is expected to have independent convection regimes in the upper and lower mantle, separated by the mostly impermeable 670 km discontinuity. A major argument against this view is the evidence from tomography suggesting that some slabs penetrate into the lower mantle. As will be d ...
... A two-layered mantle is expected to have independent convection regimes in the upper and lower mantle, separated by the mostly impermeable 670 km discontinuity. A major argument against this view is the evidence from tomography suggesting that some slabs penetrate into the lower mantle. As will be d ...
Constraining the extent of crust–mantle coupling in central Asia
... Yunnan), although the resulting flow fields are inconsistent with several geophysical and geological constraints and thus considered unlikely. We then considered lithospheric models. For Tibet, vertically coherent deformation (i.e., maximum shear direction from surface deformation is parallel to /) ...
... Yunnan), although the resulting flow fields are inconsistent with several geophysical and geological constraints and thus considered unlikely. We then considered lithospheric models. For Tibet, vertically coherent deformation (i.e., maximum shear direction from surface deformation is parallel to /) ...
IOC Sub-Commission for the Western Pacific, fifth session
... the follow-up to the Graduate School Initiative and referred to the more elaborate reports to be given by the project leaders, programme coordinators or representatives under separate agenda items. ...
... the follow-up to the Graduate School Initiative and referred to the more elaborate reports to be given by the project leaders, programme coordinators or representatives under separate agenda items. ...
Glossary of Physical Oceanography and Related Disciplines
... Abbreviation for the Atlantic Climate Change Program, a NOAA research initiative for understanding the decadal-scale interactions of deep circulation in the Atlantic and how it influences the overlying atmosphere. The goals of ACCP are: • to determine the seasonal-to-decadal and multidecadal variabi ...
... Abbreviation for the Atlantic Climate Change Program, a NOAA research initiative for understanding the decadal-scale interactions of deep circulation in the Atlantic and how it influences the overlying atmosphere. The goals of ACCP are: • to determine the seasonal-to-decadal and multidecadal variabi ...
Closing the “consensus gap” by communicating
... survival) of this doctorate possible. Some of the papers I have co-authored over the course of this doctorate have attracted an intense amount of attention, which has resulted in a number of attacks on my research. The support and assistance of a number of people through this tumultuous period has b ...
... survival) of this doctorate possible. Some of the papers I have co-authored over the course of this doctorate have attracted an intense amount of attention, which has resulted in a number of attacks on my research. The support and assistance of a number of people through this tumultuous period has b ...
160849e. - Japan Oceanographic Data Center
... Convention do exist and would need to be protected. One Delegation shared the concern on the challenges to deliver results in a timely manner consistent with technological advances and developments, and expressed its view that all observations are to be considered under art. 247 of UNCLOS. One Deleg ...
... Convention do exist and would need to be protected. One Delegation shared the concern on the challenges to deliver results in a timely manner consistent with technological advances and developments, and expressed its view that all observations are to be considered under art. 247 of UNCLOS. One Deleg ...
Preparing for a Changing Climate in Northern Ireland
... projections, and this will be particularly useful for detailed technical assessments for key sectors – an essential next step to this report. It is recommended that a brief assessment of the UKCIP08 scenarios is made on their publication, reviewing any changes in projections and highlighting the enh ...
... projections, and this will be particularly useful for detailed technical assessments for key sectors – an essential next step to this report. It is recommended that a brief assessment of the UKCIP08 scenarios is made on their publication, reviewing any changes in projections and highlighting the enh ...
Seasonal Variations in Groundwater Level and Salinity in Coastal
... affected by environment, such as climate change, river stage, and Yellow Sea tidal level. With a growing population, Jiangsu faces an increasing demand for freshwater. For solving this problem, deeply understanding the groundwater system and its influencing factors is necessary. Then, the relationsh ...
... affected by environment, such as climate change, river stage, and Yellow Sea tidal level. With a growing population, Jiangsu faces an increasing demand for freshwater. For solving this problem, deeply understanding the groundwater system and its influencing factors is necessary. Then, the relationsh ...
UK SeaMap 2010
... assessment of their marine waters, taking account of existing data where available and comprising … an analysis of the essential features and characteristics … covering the physical and chemical features, the habitat types, the biological features and the hydromorphology”. Annex III of the Directive ...
... assessment of their marine waters, taking account of existing data where available and comprising … an analysis of the essential features and characteristics … covering the physical and chemical features, the habitat types, the biological features and the hydromorphology”. Annex III of the Directive ...
A Review of the Role of Subduction Dynamics for Regional and
... a comprehensive, theoretical description of such effects is, notably, still missing, this paper strives to summarize the state of knowledge and may so provide a basis for future analysis. Models of subduction have so far concentrated on two, complementary aspects: The first approach is global and fo ...
... a comprehensive, theoretical description of such effects is, notably, still missing, this paper strives to summarize the state of knowledge and may so provide a basis for future analysis. Models of subduction have so far concentrated on two, complementary aspects: The first approach is global and fo ...
Plate Tectonics: A Paradigm Under Threat
... but do not provide evidence for plate motions of the kind predicted by plate tectonics unless the relative motions predicted among all plates are observed. However, many of the results have shown no definite pattern and have been confusing and contradictory, giving rise to a variety of ad hoc hypoth ...
... but do not provide evidence for plate motions of the kind predicted by plate tectonics unless the relative motions predicted among all plates are observed. However, many of the results have shown no definite pattern and have been confusing and contradictory, giving rise to a variety of ad hoc hypoth ...
as a PDF
... (LVVs). While a comprehensive, theoretical description of such effects is, notably, still missing, this paper strives to summarize the state of knowledge and may so provide a basis for future analysis. Models of subduction have so far concentrated on two, complementary aspects: The first approach is ...
... (LVVs). While a comprehensive, theoretical description of such effects is, notably, still missing, this paper strives to summarize the state of knowledge and may so provide a basis for future analysis. Models of subduction have so far concentrated on two, complementary aspects: The first approach is ...
Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment
The Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) is a research program of the World Climate Research Programme intended to observe, comprehend and model the Earth's water cycle. The experiment also observes how much energy the Earth receives, studies how much of that energy reaches surfaces of the Earth and how that energy is transformed. Sunlight's energy evaporates water to produce clouds and rain, and dries out land masses after rain. Rain that falls on land becomes the water budget which can be used by people for agricultural and other processes.GEWEX is a collaboration of researchers worldwide to find better ways of studying the water cycle and how it transforms energy through the atmosphere. If the Earth's climates were identical from year to year, then people could predict when, where and what crops to plant. However, instability created by solar variation, weather trends, and chaotic events create weather that is unpredictable on seasonal scales. Through weather patterns such as droughts and higher rainfall these cycles impact ecosystems and human activities. GEWEX is designed to collect a much greater amount of data, and see if better models of that data can forecast weather and climate change into the future.GEWEX is organized into several structures. As GEWEX was conceived projects were organized by participating factions, this task is now done by the International GEWEX Project Office (IGPO). IGPO oversees major initiatives and coordinates between national projects in an effort to bring about communication of researchers. IGPO claims to support communication exchange between 2000 scientist and is the instrument for publication of major reports. The Scientific Steering Group organizes the projects and assigns them to panels, which oversee progress and provide critique. The Coordinated Energy and Water Cycle Observations Project (CEOP) the 'Hydrology Project' is a major instrument in GEWEX. This panel includes geographic study areas such as the Climate Prediction Program for the Americas operated by NOAA, but also examines several types of climate zones (e.g. high altitude and semi-arid). Another panel, the GEWEX Radiation Panel oversees the coordinated use of satellites and ground based observation to better estimate energy and water fluxes. One recent result GEWEX's Radiation panel has assessed data on rainfall for the last 25 years and determined that that global rainfall is 2.61 mm/day with a small statistical variation. While the study period is short, after 25 years of measurement regional trends are beginning to appear. The GEWEX Modeling and Prediction Panel takes current models and analyzes the models when climate forcing phenomena occur (global warming as an example of a 'climate forcing' event). GEWEX is now the core project of WCRP.