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Download Zika may cause brain damage in adults, too August 19, 2016 By
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Zikamaycausebraindamageinadults,too August19,2016 By:AmrithRamkumar Zikamayposeadangerforfarmanymoreofusthanpregnantwomenandbabies,a newstudysuggests. MosquitoeshavenowtransmittedthevirusinasecondareainSouthFlorida, officialsannouncedonFriday,astheyadvisedpregnantwomennottotraveltothe zoneinMiamiBeach.AsthevirusspreadsintheAmericas,withmorethan10,000 casesconfirmedintheUnitedStates,researchersareworkingtounderstandits subtletiesanddevelopavaccine. Inadditiontocausingthebirthdefectmicrocephaly,Zikacanwreakhavocinour brains'stemcells,researchersfromRockefellerUniversityandLaJollaInstitutefor AllergyandImmunologyfoundinastudypublishedinthejournalCellStem CellThursday. Thestemcells,knownasneuralprogenitorcells,helpreplacedamagedneurons— themaincomponentsofourbrainandspinalcord—andassistwithlearningand memory.Usingamousemodel,theresearchersfoundthatZikacantargetthose cells,whichcanleadtoreducedbrainvolumeandcomplicationsinbrain functioning—similartothelong-termeffectsofmicrocephaly. “GettinginfectedwithZikaasanadultmaynotbeasinnocuousaspeoplethink,” JosephGleeson,thestudy'sleadauthorandheadofRockefeller’spediatricbrain diseaselaboratory,saidinarelease. NeuralprogenitorcellswerepreviouslythoughttobecomeresistanttoZikaasthey becameneuronsinhealthyadults,butGleeson'steam'sstudyfoundthatZikaaffects thespecificcellsinadultsjustasitdoesinfetuses.Usingfluorescentbiomarkers,the researchersshowedthattheareaswiththebrain’sstemcellsweresignificantly infected. Duringfetaldevelopment,theZikavirusaffectsthewholebrainevenly.Butinadult mice,theresearchersfoundZikaaffectedonlyregionsspecifictoneuralprogenitor cells—thoughtheyhaveyettotesttheresultsoftheirstudyinhumans. “It’sacomplexdisease—it’scatastrophicforearlybraindevelopment,yetthe majorityofadultswhoareinfectedwithZikararelyshowdetectablesymptoms.Its effectontheadultbrainmaybemoresubtle,andnowweknowwhattolookfor,” saidSujanShresta,aprofessorattheLaJollaInstituteofAllergyandImmunology andoneoftheauthorsofthestudy,intherelease. Theresearchers’findingscouldalsohelpexplainhowZikahasbeenlinkedto Guillain-Barrésyndrome,adisorderinwhichthebody’simmunesystemattacksits nervoussystem.Thedisordercancauseparalysis,andZika-affectedcountrieshave seenmorecases,whichtheresearcherssaycouldbetheresultoflosingneural progenitorcells.