Download Honors Biology Unit 2 Study Guide: Biochemistry

Honors Biology Unit 3 Study Guide: Cell Structure and Function
2013-2014
Objectives: HINT**: These are the things you will be tested on at the end of this unit.
1. State the cell theory and name the people associated with each of the three parts, and the year each was
discovered.
2. Know who first studied cells with the microscope, and approximately when this occurred
3. Know who first studied living cells with the microscope and when this occurred
4. Describe the structure (what it looks like and where it is) for each of the following: cell wall, cell membrane,
cytoplasm, nucleus, chloroplast, mitochondrion, ribosome, vacuole, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth
endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus, nucleolus, lysosome, peroxisome, cytoskeleton, centrioles, flagella,
cilia.
5. Associate each organelle with its function (know what it does), for example: structural support, transport of
materials, storage of genetic information, photosynthesis and respiration, synthesis of new molecules, or
waste disposal
6. Compare and contrast eukaryotic with prokaryotic cells
7. Identify cell structures observed in the cell lab through a light microscope
8. Compare and contrast the structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts
9. Explain what types of cells would have mitochondria and chloroplasts.
10. Describe what the mitochondria and chloroplasts do in cells
11. Explain why both the mitochondria and chloroplasts have great quantities of internal surface area
12. Describe the endosymbiosis theory.
13. List types of cells that would be expected to have cell walls and/or cell membranes
14. Describe what cell walls and cell membranes do
15. Diagram the structure of the cell wall and cell membrane
16. Explain and diagram the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure; include 4 major types of integral
proteins.
17. Explain the relationship between cell function and its surface area
18. Explain physical and chemical interactions that occur between organelles as they carry out life processes
19. Outline how the nucleus controls what substances are released from the cell membrane
20. Briefly describe how the nucleus and ribosomes interact to produce proteins
21. Explain the significance of the selectively permeable cell membrane to the transport of molecules
22. Explain how the structure of the phospholipids bilayer and its embedded proteins allow substances to move
into and out of the cell membrane
23. Describe the conditions necessary for osmosis to occur.
24. Compare and contrast the types of molecules that can move through the cell membrane by active transport
and osmosis.
25. Predict the direction of movement of water through a membrane under the following conditions: hypertonic,
hypotonic, and isotonic solutions
26. Explain what a concentration gradient is.
27. Diagram how substances are taken in and moved out of a cell by active transport
28. Explain why it is important to maintain homeostasis by regulating what can go in or out of the cell membrane
29. Demonstrate the proper use of a light microscope. Identify the parts of the microscope as in class.
Vocabulary: You will be quizzed on memorization of these vocabulary words at the beginning of the unit. By
the end of the unit, you should understand the meaning of each word.
cell
passive transport
transorganelle
concentration gradient
-lys
permeable
homeostasis
plasmselectively permeable
isotonic solutions
hyperdiffusion
hypotonic solutions
hypoosmosis
hypertonic solutions
isoactive transport
prokaryote
euphospholipid
eukaryote
proplasmolysis
equilibrium
-karycytolysis
endocytosis
endocontractile vacuole
exocytosis
-cyto-
Resources:
Text:
Postlethwait, J.H., & Hopson, J. L., Modern Biology. Holt, Rhinehart, and Wilson. 2006: Austin.
chapter 4-5
Text Website: http://my.hrw.com
Ms. Montgomery’s website:
http://fhsdfhn.sharpschool.net/contact_us/staff_directory/science/laura_montgomery/honors_biology/
Definitions Due: Sept. 18
Vocabulary Quiz: Sept. 25
Test: Oct. 3
Notes:
Sections 4.1 & 4.2 Due: Sept. 24
Sections 4.3 & 4.4 Due: Sept. 26
Sections 5.1 & 5.2 Due: Sept. 30