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Transcript
Vacuoles Membrane bound spaces with a cell May be small-food storage May be quite large like the tonoblast in plant cells Tonoplast and Central Vacuole Storage for many chemicals Ions, proteins, water Often plays role in tissue specific role Pigment of flowers, toxins for defense Can elongate to take up more or less space within cell Fig. 6-15 Central vacuole Cytosol Nucleus Central vacuole Cell wall Chloroplast 5 µm Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Both are power providers of cell Chloroplasts are like solar power plants Mitochondria are like coal-burning plants Both are membrane-bound organelles Both contain their own DNA which encodes some proteins and ribosomes specific for their activity Both move about within cell and divide to form more organelles. Endosymbiant Theory Chloroplasts and Mitochondria have evolved directly from bacteria that were internalized into anther prokaryotic cell Mitochondrial ancestor was effective at respiration and utilizing complex chemicals Chloroplast ancestor was photosynthetic and able to derive energy from sunlight Mutualistic relationship-where both partners benefit from the interaction Mitochondrial structure Mitochondria is responsible for respiration Reactions are membrane-associated Maximized membrane surface area Many proteins are bound to inner membrane Cristae are folds of inner membrane Matrix is the fluid surrounding cristae Fig. 6-17 Intermembrane space Outer membrane Free ribosomes in the mitochondrial matrix Inner membrane Cristae Matrix 0.1 µm Chloroplasts Have double membrane with space in between Have additional membrane structures called thylakoids within-where chlorophyll is stored Look like poker chips Stroma surrounds thylakoids Interaction between stroma and thylakoids is important Fig. 6-18 Ribosomes Stroma Inner and outer membranes Granum Thylakoid 1 µm