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IB1090925 Insects and genetics March 20, 2009, Pages 30-35 1. Match the name of the individual with the concept he conceived or popularized: a. Francis Galton 3. 1. Uniformitarianism b. Charles Lyell 1. 2. Theory of natural selection c. Thomas Malthus 4. 3. Law of filial regression d. Charles Darwin 2. 4. Populations outgrow food supply e. Alfred Russell Wallace 5. 5. Tendency of varieties to depart from original type f. Walter Flemming 6. 6. Mitosis 2. The process by which those individuals with heritable traits conferring survival produce more offspring than do individuals lacking such traits is called natural selection. 3. Describe 2 entomological phenomena Darwin used to illustrate the action of natural selection. Crypsis, Homotypism, Winglessness on islands, mimicry 4. Describe 2 entomological phenomena that Darwin had difficulty explaining in "Origin of Species." Neuter caste of eusocial insects, fairyflies, firefly laterns 5. Mendel's law of segregation states that alternative forms of a particular factor (gene) remain discrete during the reproductive process; his second law, the law of independent assortment, states that different factors are inherited independently of one another. 6. Who was Thomas Hunt Morgan? Pioneering geneticist who established Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism. 7. The "fruit fly" Drosophila melanogaster is more correctly known as the pomace or vinegar fly. 8. Give 4 reasons why Drosophila melanogaster is an excellent organism for genetic studies. l. Short generation time 2 small size 3. Phenotypically variable 4. Only 4 chromosomes 5. Simple diet 9. What's a sex-linked gene? A gene that is located on a sex chromosome (X or Y in Humans and Drosophila) Give an example of a mutation involving a sex-linked gene in Drosophila melanogaster. Eye color (the white eye mutation is only expressed in males). 10. Match the term with the definition a. gene 6. 1. change in a gene, either in DNA sequence or location b. locus 3. 2. physical appearance of an organism c. allele 5. 3. location of a gene on a chromosome d. mutation 1. 4. genetic make-up of an organism e. genotype 4. 5. alternative state of a gene or trait f. phenotype 2. 6. segment of DNA on a chromosome coding for a protein or RNA g. chromosome 7. 7. group of coiled DNA strands containing genes 9. genome 8. 8. entire DNA complement of an organism 11. The two scientists who first described the structure of DNA as a double helix were a. Beadle and Tatum b. Hershey and Chase c. Watson and Crick d. Nirenbeg and Khorana 12. How many nucleotide bases make up DNA? Which are purines? Adenine and guanine Which are pyrimidines? Thymine and cytosine 13. What is the "central dogma" of biology? DNA encodes RNA which encodes protein 14. What does "PCR" stand for? How does it work? Polymerase Chain Reaction. It amplifies a single molecule of DNA millions of times. 15. True or false: Transposable elements are very rare in Drosophila melanogaster. 16. Which of the following is an insect transposon? a. hermes b. Herves c. woot d. all of the above Which of the following transposons was isolated from a Drosophila speces? a. mariner b. Minos d. hobo d. all of the above 17. What's a transcription factor? Master switch protein. A gene that encodes a protein that turns other genes on or off (not an enzyme). 18.What species was genetically engineered to be incapable of vectoring malaria in 2007?.Anopheles stephensi 19. When was the Drosophila melanogaster genome sequenced? 2000 Who sequenced it? Combination of public genome project and private company Celera (run by Craig Venter). How many genes does the genome contain? 13,500 20. A transcriptome involves: a. DNA b. RNA c. protein d. All of the above 21. Name two UIUC faculty members who are involved in the honey bee genome project: a Dr. Gene Robinson b. Dr. Hugh Robertson 22. What tool developed at UIUC being used to investigate Colony Collapse Disorder? Whole genome microarray of Apis mellifera 23. Name two insects other than Drosophila melanogaster that have been sequenced: a. Bombyx mori b. Tribolium cataneum c. Apis mellifera d. Aedes aegypti 24. On March 1, 2005, the National Human Genome Research Institute, which oversees governmentfunded genome sequencing efforts, announced plans to sequence the genome of Rhodnius prolixus. a. What order does this insect belong to? Hemiptera b. What organism does this insect vector? Trypanosoma cruzi c. What disease is associated with this insect? Chagas disease 25. How can genetic engineering help to reduce the incidence of malaria? Transgenic mosquitoes can be engineered to be resistant to malaria movement from the midgut to the salivary glands Aside from technical obstacles, what other obstacles might stand in the way of using genetic engineering for malaria management? Generating public support for releasing transgenic mosquitoes.