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DNA, RNA and Proteins Section 12.3 The Great Escape DNA contains very important info on making _________ that MUST stay protected in the __________ BUT, proteins are made by ______________ in the cytoplasm HOW DO YOU GET THE INFO TO THE RIBOSOMES IF DNA CANNOT LEAVE? _______ carries DNA’s instructions to the ribosomes Central Dogma _______ _______ ______________ DNA RNA called __________________ occurs in _________________ “_________” of DNA’s message RNA proteins called _________________ occurs in __________________ in the cytoplasm turns nucleic acids (______) into ____________________ (proteins) RNA – 3 types ________________ RNA (mRNA) – carries DNA’s instructions to the ribosomes _____________ RNA (tRNA) – “taxis” amino acids to ribosomes and mRNA ________________ RNA (rRNA) – site of protein synthesis Transcription making _______ from ______ ______ polymerase (enzyme) separates the DNA strand and uses it as a template for making RNA occurs in _____________ C – _____ A – _____ (NO _____ in RNA) U = ___________________ Transcription Practice 1. DNA: TAC CGG TAT CGA ATC mRNA: ________________________ 2. DNA: TAC GGG ACA GGT ATT mRNA: ________________________ 3. DNA: TAC CCT ATG CCA ATC mRNA: ________________________ Protein Structure ______ different amino acids make up proteins proteins are made by joining amino acids together to make ___________________________ proteins have different combinations of _____________ acids Translation turning ______ into ___________ occurs at _______________ in cytoplasm Steps: _________ attaches to a ribosome tRNA “taxis” in appropriate _________________ amino acids link and release from ________ continues until you reach a “__________” codon The Genetic Code translates _____ into _________ occurs _____ letters at a time – ____________ AUG – “start” codon (methionine) UAA, UAG, UGA – “stop” codons matching tRNA (_____________) brings in the appropriate amino acids DNA: TAC GGG GGC GTA ACC ACA ACT mRNA: AUG CCC CCG CAU UGG UGU UGA tRNA: UAC GGG GGC GUA ACC ACA ACU **ALWAYS use mRNA strand to create polypeptide** Finding the Amino Acids mRNA: AUG CCC CCG CAU UGG UGU UGA tRNA: ______________________________________ polypeptide: __________________________________ Finding the Amino Acid Practice 1. mRNA: AUG UUA GUU ACG UGA tRNA:_______________________________________ polypeptide:__________________________________ How many codons? _______ 2. mRNA: AUG CGC AGC GGU UAG tRNA:______________________________________ polypeptide:__________________________________ How many codons? _______ From DNA to Protein Practice #1 DNA Strand: TAC GGT ATG CCA CAT TGA ATT Complementary DNA Strand: ________________________________________________ mRNA Strand: ____________________________________________________________ tRNA Strand: _____________________________________________________________ Polypeptide: ______________________________________________________________ *Reminder – Use mRNA to make polypeptide! #2 DNA Strand: TAC GGG CCG CAA TAA AGT ACT Complementary DNA Strand: ________________________________________________ mRNA Strand: ____________________________________________________________ tRNA Strand: _____________________________________________________________ Polypeptide: ______________________________________________________________ *Reminder – Use mRNA to make polypeptide! #3 DNA Strand: TAC TAG GGA CCA GTT TGT ACT Complementary DNA Strand: ________________________________________________ mRNA Strand: ____________________________________________________________ tRNA Strand: _____________________________________________________________ Polypeptide: ______________________________________________________________ *Reminder – Use mRNA to make polypeptide!