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DNA, RNA and Proteins
Section 12.3
The Great Escape
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DNA contains very important info on making _________ that MUST stay
protected in the __________
BUT, proteins are made by ______________ in the cytoplasm
HOW DO YOU GET THE INFO TO THE RIBOSOMES IF DNA CANNOT
LEAVE?
 _______ carries DNA’s instructions to the ribosomes
Central Dogma
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_______  _______  ______________
DNA  RNA called __________________ occurs in
_________________
 “_________” of DNA’s message
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RNA  proteins called _________________
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occurs in __________________ in the cytoplasm
turns nucleic acids (______) into ____________________
(proteins)
RNA – 3 types
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________________ RNA (mRNA) – carries DNA’s instructions to the
ribosomes
_____________ RNA (tRNA) – “taxis” amino acids to ribosomes and
mRNA
________________ RNA (rRNA) – site of protein synthesis
Transcription
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making _______ from ______
______ polymerase (enzyme) separates the DNA strand and uses it as a
template for making RNA
occurs in _____________
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C – _____
A – _____ (NO _____ in RNA)
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U = ___________________
Transcription Practice
1. DNA: TAC CGG TAT CGA ATC
mRNA: ________________________
2. DNA: TAC GGG ACA GGT ATT
mRNA: ________________________
3. DNA: TAC CCT ATG CCA ATC
mRNA: ________________________
Protein Structure
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______ different amino acids make up proteins
proteins are made by joining amino acids together to make
___________________________
proteins have different combinations of _____________ acids
Translation
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turning ______ into ___________
occurs at _______________ in cytoplasm
Steps:
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_________ attaches to a ribosome
tRNA “taxis” in appropriate
_________________
amino acids link and release from ________
continues until you reach a “__________”
codon
The Genetic Code
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translates _____ into _________
occurs _____ letters at a time – ____________
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AUG – “start” codon (methionine)
UAA, UAG, UGA – “stop” codons
matching tRNA (_____________) brings in the appropriate amino acids
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DNA: TAC GGG GGC GTA ACC ACA ACT
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mRNA: AUG CCC CCG CAU UGG UGU UGA
tRNA: UAC GGG GGC GUA ACC ACA ACU
**ALWAYS use mRNA strand to create polypeptide**
Finding the Amino Acids
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mRNA: AUG CCC CCG CAU UGG UGU UGA
tRNA: ______________________________________
polypeptide: __________________________________
Finding the Amino Acid Practice
1. mRNA: AUG UUA GUU ACG UGA
tRNA:_______________________________________
polypeptide:__________________________________
How many codons? _______
2. mRNA: AUG CGC AGC GGU UAG
tRNA:______________________________________
polypeptide:__________________________________
How many codons? _______
From DNA to Protein Practice
#1
DNA Strand: TAC GGT ATG CCA CAT TGA ATT
Complementary DNA Strand: ________________________________________________
mRNA Strand: ____________________________________________________________
tRNA Strand: _____________________________________________________________
Polypeptide: ______________________________________________________________
*Reminder – Use mRNA to make polypeptide!
#2
DNA Strand: TAC GGG CCG CAA TAA AGT ACT
Complementary DNA Strand: ________________________________________________
mRNA Strand: ____________________________________________________________
tRNA Strand: _____________________________________________________________
Polypeptide: ______________________________________________________________
*Reminder – Use mRNA to make polypeptide!
#3
DNA Strand: TAC TAG GGA CCA GTT TGT ACT
Complementary DNA Strand: ________________________________________________
mRNA Strand: ____________________________________________________________
tRNA Strand: _____________________________________________________________
Polypeptide: ______________________________________________________________
*Reminder – Use mRNA to make polypeptide!