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Genetic Engineering Aviation High School Living Environment 1. The diagram below represents some methods used by plant growers to produce and maintain desirable varieties of plants. Which term belongs in area X? 1) use end disuse 3) 2) artificial selection 4) synapsis gradualism 2. Which statement provides accurate information about the technique illustrated below? 1) 2) 3) 4) This technique results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parents. New varieties of organisms can be developed by this technique known as selective breeding. This technique is used by farmers to eliminate mutations in future members of the species. Since the development of cloning, this technique is no longer used in agriculture. 3. Some farmers currently grow genetically engineered crops. An argument against the use of this technology is that 1) it increases crop production 2) it produces insect-resistant plants 3) its long-term effects on humans are still being investigated 4) it always results in crops that do not taste good Genetic Engineering 4. The arrows in the diagram below indicate the development of four different varieties of vegetable plants from wild mustard. Each of these varieties was most likely produced as a result of 1) asexual reproduction in the wild for many years 2) changes in light availability 5. Selective breeding is a technique that is used to 1) give all organisms a chance to reproduce 2) produce organisms from extinct species 3) produce offspring with certain desirable traits 4) keep farm crops free of all mutations 3) competition between plants 4) selective breeding over many generations 10. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. 6. Which laboratory procedure has made possible the development of bacteria that can synthesize human insulin? 1) karyotyping 3) amniocentesis 2) genetic engineering 4) screening of body fluids Base your answers to questions 7 through 9 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. In 1973, Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer inserted a gene from an African clawed frog into a bacterium. The bacterium then began producing a protein directed by the code found on the inserted frog gene. 7. The newly synthesized genetic material in the bacterium is known as 1) recombinant DNA 3) a gene mutation 2) messenger RNA 4) a multiple allele 8. The procedure used by Cohen and Boyer is known as 1) cloning 3) karyotyping 2) genetic engineering 4) genetic screening 9. Additional copies of the bacterium containing the frog gene could be produced by 1) asexual reproduction 3) inbreeding 2) cross-pollination 4) grafting Structure B represents 1) a ribosome 2) transfer RNA 3) 4) recombinant DNA a male gamete Base your answers to questions 11 and 12 on the information below. Some geneticists are suggesting the possibility of transferring some of the genes that influence photosynthesis from an efficient variety of crop plant to a less efficient crop plant to produce a new variety with improved productivity. 11. To produce this new variety, the project would most likely involve 1) amniocentesis 3) genetic engineering 2) genetic screening 4) inbreeding Genetic Engineering 12. Which technique would most likely be used to produce large numbers of genetically identical offspring from this new variety of plant? 1) cloning 3) cross-pollination 2) karyotyping 4) chromatography 13. The diagram below illustrates some key steps of a procedure in one area of biotechnology. The letter X most likely represents 1) bacterial cells that are unable to synthesize insulin 2) human cells that are able to synthesize antibodies 3) bacterial cells that are able to synthesize insulin 4) human cells that are unable to resist antibiotics 14. Many diabetics are now using insulin that was made by certain bacteria. The ability of these bacteria to produce insulin was most likely the result of 1) deleting many DNA segments from bacterial DNA 2) genetic mapping of bacterial DNA to activate the gene for insulin production 3) inserting a portion of human DNA into the ring-shaped DNA of bacteria 4) using radiation to trigger mutations 15. Which statement best describes the result of some of the processes involved in genetic engineering? 1) They alter the arrangement of hereditary material. 2) They provide energy for mitosis and meiosis. 3) They are necessary for normal gamete formation. 4) They reduce variation in organisms that reproduce asexually. 16. The diagrams below represent some steps in a procedure used in biotechnology. Letters X and Y represent the 1) hormones that stimulate the replication of bacterial DNA 2) biochemical catalysts involved in the insertion of genes into other organisms 3) hormones that trigger rapid mutation of genetic information 4) gases needed to produce the energy required for gene manipulation Genetic Engineering 17. A great deal of information can now be obtained about the future health of people by examining the genetic makeup of their cells. There are concerns that this information could be used to deny an individual health insurance or employment. These concerns best illustrate that 1) scientific explanations depend upon evidence collected from a single source 2) scientific inquiry involves the collection of information from a large number of sources 3) acquiring too much knowledge in human genetics will discourage future research in that area 4) while science provides knowledge, values are essential to making ethical decisions using this knowledge 21. A product of genetic engineering technology is represented below. 18. Which statement best describes human insulin that is produced by genetically engineered bacteria? 1) This insulin will not function normally in humans because it is produced by bacteria. 2) This insulin is produced as a result of human insulin being inserted into bacteria cells. 3) This insulin is produced as a result of exposing bacteria cells to radiation, which produces a mutation. 4) This insulin may have fewer side effects than the insulin previously extracted from the pancreas of other animals. 22. Researchers Cohn and Boyer transferred a gene from an African clawed frog into a bacterium. To accomplish this, these scientists had to use 1) enzymes to cut out and insert the gene 2) hereditary information located in amino acids 3) radiation to increase the gene mutation rate of the bacterial cells 4) cancer cells to promote rapid cell division Which substance was needed to join the insulin gene to the bacterial DNA as shown? 1) a specific carbohydrate 3) hormones 2) a specific enzyme 4) antibodies 23. The diagram below represents a common laboratory technique in molecular genetics. 19. A gene that codes for resistance to glyphosate, a biodegradable weedkiller, has been inserted into certain plants. As a result, these plants will be more likely to 1) produce chemicals that kill weeds growing near them 2) die when exposed to glyphosate 3) convert glyphosate into fertilizer 4) survive when glyphosate is applied to them 20. A biotechnology firm has produced tobacco plants that synthesize human antibodies that prevent bacterial diseases. One of the first steps in the production of these plants required 1) using natural selection to increase the survival of antibody-producing tobacco plants 2) inserting human DNA segments into the cells of tobacco plants 3) using selective breeding to increase the number of antibody genes in tobacco plants 4) growing tobacco plants in soil containing a specific fertilizer One common use of this technology is the 1) production of a human embryo to aid women who are unable to have children 2) change of single-celled organisms to multicellular organisms 3) introduction of a toxic substance to kill bacterial cells 4) production of hormones or enzymes to replace missing human body chemicals Genetic Engineering Base your answers to questions 24 and 25 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. 24. In the procedure indicated by letter A, DNA segments from humans and bacteria are joined by the action of 1) starch molecules 2) simple sugars 3) enzymes 4) hormone 25. Which process is indicated by letter B? 1) natural selection 2) asexual reproduction 3) sexual reproduction 4) gene deletion 26. In some people, the lack of a particular enzyme causes a disease. Scientists are attempting to use bacteria to produce this enzyme for the treatment of people with the disease. Which row in the chart below best describes the sequence of steps the scientist would most likely follow? 1) 1 2) 2 27. If a gene is inserted into the DNA of a bacterial cell, every cell produced by that cell will have 1) DNA that is different from that of the other cells produced 2) a 50% chance of having a copy of the inserted gene 3) a copy of the inserted gene 4) a new type of DNA base 3) 3 4) 4 28. Throughout the history of life on Earth, many processes have resulted in new traits in organisms. Which list shows some of these processes in order from the oldest to the most recently used? 1) gene manipulation, natural selection, selective breeding 2) natural selection, selective breeding, gene manipulation 3) natural selection, gene manipulation, selective breeding 4) selective breeding, gene manipulation, natural selection Genetic Engineering 29. The cloning of cells involves the process of 1) meiotic cell division 3) mitotic cell division 2) fusion of gametes 4) formation of spores 30. A process used in agriculture is represented in the diagram below. The diagram illustrates a process known as 1) amniocentesis 2) translocation 31. Scientists have cloned sheep but have not yet cloned a human. The best explanation for this situation is that 1) the technology to clone humans has not been explored 2) human reproduction is very different from that of other mammals 3) there are many ethical problems involved in cloning humans 4) cloning humans would take too long 32. One way to produce large numbers of genetically identical offspring is by 1) cloning 2) fertilization 3) changing genes by agents such as radiation or chemicals 4) inserting a DNA segment into a different DNA molecule 33. Steps in a reproductive process used to produce a sheep with certain traits are listed below. Step 1 — The nucleus was removed from an unfertilized egg taken from sheep A. Step 2 — The nucleus of a body cell taken from sheep B was then inserted into this unfertilized egg from sheep A. Step 3 — The resulting cell was then implanted into the uterus of sheep C. Step 4 — Sheep C gave birth to sheep D. Which sheep would be most genetically similar to sheep D? 1) sheep A, only 3) both sheep A and B 2) sheep B, only 4) both sheep A and C 3) cloning 4) nondisjunction Genetic Engineering 34. The diagram below represents the process used in 1996 to clone the first mammal, a sheep named Dolly. Which statement concerning Dolly is correct? 1) Gametes from sheep A and sheep B were united to produce Dolly. 2) The chromosome makeup of Dolly is identical to that of sheep A. 3) Both Dolly and sheep C have identical DNA. 4) Dolly contains genes from sheep B and sheep C. Genetic Engineering 35. Two methods of reproduction are represented in the diagram below. How does the DNA in the offspring produced by these methods compare to the DNA in the original organism? 1) The offspring contain half the original number of chromosomes in each method. 2) The DNA in the offspring is genetically identical to that of the original organism in both methods. 3) The offspring produced by method A contain twice the original number of genes, while those produced by method B contain half the original number of genes. 4) The number of DNA bases is less than that of the original organism in method A, but more than the original number in method B. 36. A scientist claimed that he had cloned a guinea pig to produce two offspring, a male and a female. The claim is not valid because 1) guinea pigs can reproduce both sexually and asexually 2) the two offspring are not identical copies of the original guinea pig 3) each of the offspring had half the genetic information of the original guinea pig 4) none of the genetic information came from the original guinea pig 37. Modem technology could be used to clone pet dogs and cats. The cloned animals would resemble the original pets because 1) the genes of the new animals are different from those of the original pets 2) half of the genetic information of the new animals is the same as that of the original pets 3) the new animals have mutations not found in the original pets 4) the new animals have the same genetic information as the original pets Genetic Engineering 38. Base your answer to the following question on the information and diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram below shows the results of a test that was done using DNA samples from three bears of different species. Each DNA sample was cut into fragments using a specific enzyme and placed in the wells as indicated below. The DNA fragments were then separated using gel electrophoresis. Gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA fragments on the basis of their 1) size 3) functions 2) color 4) chromosomes Genetic Engineering 39. Base your answer to the following question on the charts below and your knowledge of biology. A student was told that three different plant species are very closely related. She was provided with a short segment of the same portion of the DNA molecule that coded for enzyme X from each of the three species. The correct sequence of mRNA bases for plant species B is 1) GUA CAC GUU 2) GTA CAC GTT 3) CAU GUG CAA 4) TCG TGT ACC Genetic Engineering 40. Base your answer to the following question on the information and diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The four wells represented in the diagram were each injected with fragments that were prepared from DNA samples using identical techniques. This laboratory procedure is known as 1) cloning 2) gel electrophoresis 3) chromatography 4) use of a dichotomous key 41. Scientists hypothesize that cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and radishes developed along a common evolutionary pathway. Which observation would best support this hypothesis? 1) Fossils of these plants were found in the same rock layer. 2) Chloroplasts of these plants produce a gas. 3) These plants live in the same environment. 4) These plants have similar proteins. Genetic Engineering 42. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. In an investigation, DNA samples from four organisms, A, B, C, and D, were cut into fragments. The number of bases in the resulting DNA fragments for each sample is shown below. The diagram below represents the gel-like material through which the DNA fragments moved during gel electrophoresis. Draw lines to represent the position of the fragments from each DNA sample when electrophoresis is completed. Genetic Engineering Answer Key Genetic Technology Worksheet [Mar 22, 2016] 1. 2 31. 3 2. 2 32. 1 3. 3 33. 2 4. 4 34. 2 5. 3 35. 2 6. 2 36. 2 7. 1 37. 4 8. 2 38. 1 9. 1 39. 1 10. 3 40. 2 11. 3 41. 4 12. 1 42. 13. 3 14. 3 15. 1 16. 2 17. 4 18. 4 19. 4 20. 2 21. 2 22. 1 23. 4 24. 3 25. 2 26. 3 27. 3 28. 2 29. 3 30. 3