* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Gel Electrophoresis
Epigenetics wikipedia , lookup
Human genome wikipedia , lookup
DNA paternity testing wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetic clock wikipedia , lookup
Zinc finger nuclease wikipedia , lookup
DNA barcoding wikipedia , lookup
DNA sequencing wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Mitochondrial DNA wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
Comparative genomic hybridization wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
No-SCAR (Scarless Cas9 Assisted Recombineering) Genome Editing wikipedia , lookup
DNA polymerase wikipedia , lookup
Primary transcript wikipedia , lookup
Cancer epigenetics wikipedia , lookup
Genomic library wikipedia , lookup
DNA profiling wikipedia , lookup
Bisulfite sequencing wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
SNP genotyping wikipedia , lookup
Microsatellite wikipedia , lookup
DNA damage theory of aging wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
DNA vaccination wikipedia , lookup
Genealogical DNA test wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Epigenomics wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom National DNA Database wikipedia , lookup
Cell-free fetal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
Molecular cloning wikipedia , lookup
DNA supercoil wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid double helix wikipedia , lookup
Extrachromosomal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Helitron (biology) wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Gel Electrophoresis Electrophoresis: DNA Separation Standard tool in biochemistry labs Uses Diagnose disease Identify genes and gene structures Human genome project Understand evolution of plants and animals Genetic engineering of organisms (Example: drought resistant crops Forensic science DNA! Extracted from animal, plant, and bacteria cells Individual cells are split open, and the DNA is separated from the rest of the cellular debris DNA is then treated with special proteins called restriction enzymes, which cleave the DNA into smaller fragments How does Electrophoresis work? DNA molecules are negatively charged Use electricity to separate DNA protein molecules based on charge and mass DNA samples are taken from animal or plant cells Agarose Gel Used as the support material to separate DNA molecules Derived from seaweed Note “wells”- DNA solution is loaded into these holes Loading the Gel DNA loaded into gel: mixture of different sized DNA fragments Loading the Gel Loading gel with DNA mixture + dye Gel is suspended in buffer which conducts electrical current Separation of DNA Note applied electrical charge- DNA is negatively charged and will migrate to the positive pole Gel matrix acts as a “seive” for DNA Large DNA molecules cannot pass through the small holes in the gel Small molecules move easily through the gel Running the Gel Electric current is applied to gel DNA starts to migrate through the gel Separation of DNA As separation continues, the smaller fragments move farther down the gel Molecular Markers A DNA molecular marker “ladder” is run at the same time as your sample DNA Markers are of known molecular weights Markers used to estimate the sizes of your sample DNA Reading the Gel Dye in gel reacts with UV light, DNA is fluorescent Photo taken