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Transcript
By Prof Amer Jamil Schematic illustration of DNA cloning Restriction endonucleases • Also called restriction enzymes • Occur naturally in bacteria • Hundreds are purified and available commercially • Named for bacterial genus, species, strain, and type Example: EcoRI Genus: Escherichia Species: coli Strain: R The constructed E. coli plasmid pBR322 Bacteriophage cloning vectors Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) as cloning vectors Use of hybridization to identify a clone with a particular DNA segment DNA sequences in a typical E. coli expression vector The use of tagged proteins in protein purification Construction of a cDNA library from mRNA polymerase chain reaction The Southern blot procedure, as applied to RFLP DNA fingerprinting Southern Blotting PCR analysis of an STR locus PCR analysis of an STR locus The Human Genome Project strategy Genomic sequencing timeline DNA microarray A tobacco plant expressing the gene for firefly luciferase Tomato plants engineered to be resistant to insect larvae Glyphosate-resistant soybean plants Genes for several variants of green fluorescent protein have been introduced into different strains of zebrafish Transgenic Plants “Golden” rice with beta--carotene and beta extra iron Round Up Ready Soybeans are resistant to herbicide Herbicide Tolerance, Insect Resistance, quality traits Soybean, Corn, Cotton, Canola Tomato Bt Corn produces its own pesticide A “clone” is a copy of something. Computers that mimic IBMs are called “clones.” In genetics, a clone is a genetic copy of another organism. Clones occur naturally: Cloning – Asexual breeding in plants & lower animals – Identical twins (triplets) in higher animals Dolly - 1996 Cloning since Dolly Cloning of this sort has now been done on cattle, pigs and mice Guar: First cloned endangered species also. dies 2 days after birth The success rate has improved considerably. Snuppy
