Download Explain which each acronym below stands for, Write the COMPLETE

Name __________________________
Per________ Date___________
DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis Test Review
Explain which each acronym below stands for, Write the COMPLETE WORDS! Then describe
the role of the molecule.
1) DNA:
2) RNA:
3) mRNA:
4) tRNA:
Label the following parts on the DNA strand to the left.
Phosphate, Sugar, Nitrogen base
 What do you call a phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogen base linked
together? ______________________
 Adenine (A) pairs with ____ and guanine (G) pairs with ___.
Circle the correct word in each sentence.
DNA / protein is the genetic material; it contains the instructions for assembling proteins / viruses. It is
found in the cytoplasm / in the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. It is a polymer made up of amino acids /
nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a hydrogen / nitrogen base, which will pair with its identical /
complementary base through a hydrogen / nitrogen bond.
DNA is replicated during Gap 1 / Synthesis of interphase, the longest part of the cell cycle. When replication
is complete, two identical / complementary daughter copies of the DNA will have been made from the parent
strand of DNA.
Proteins / carbohydrates are made from DNA during a two-step process. The first step is called transcription
/ translation, in which a tRNA/mRNA strand is made from DNA in the nucleus. Then, this RNA strand will
find a ribosome / mitochondria which will translate its code into a(n) monosaccharide / amino acid. This
process is called transcription / translation and is achieved using tRNA/mRNA which contains the anti-codon
to the messenger RNA’s codon. There is also another kind of RNA, rRNA, which rhizomes / ribosomes are
made from. The monosaccharides / amino acids will then be polymerized to form a carbohydrate / protein.
Fill out this table using your notes.
Type of Nucleic
Acid
DNA
RNA
Single or doublestranded?
Contains what sugar?
Contains which nitrogen
bases?
What is the purpose of the chart to the left? ________________
_____________________________________________________
Write the name of the amino acid that comes from the following
mRNA codons.
1) AUG CAA CUG UUA GUU CCA UGA
Do some amino acids match more than one mRNA codon?_____
Amino acids are monomers. What is the name of the polymer
that is made from a chain of amino acids? ___________________
Explain the term “complementary”. ________________
______________________________________________________
Write the complementary mRNA sequence for the following DNA
strands. Then translate the mRNA into amino acids
DNA: T A C A C G T A A G C T G T C G A G A G T A T G A A T C G G A C T
mRNA: __________________________________________________________
amino acids:___________________________________________________________
Label each structure on the right with one of
the following words:
 DNA
 mRNA
 tRNA
 Nucleotide
Define or explain the following words
Mutation- _________________________________________________________________________________________
Codon -___________________________________________________________________________________________
Amino Acids-______________________________________________________________________________________
How are mRNA codons and tRNA anti-codons related? ____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
What is the purpose of tRNA molecule in the synthesis of proteins?
A) They provide nucleotides for messenger RNA production
B) They carry genetic instrucions to the nucleus
C) They are chemically changed into amino acids
D) They pick up and transfer amino acids to the ribosome
The instructions for the synthesis of a particular protein is carried from the nucleus to the cytoplasm byA) messenger RNA
B) DNA molecules
C) ribosomes
D) polypeptides
Circle the correct answer:
When a mutation occurs in an organism, it only affects that organism when there is a change in the protein/sugar produced.