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Transcript
Chapter 10: Introduction to Cells Learning Target Vocabulary Word Definition Facts or Examples microscope an instrument that makes _______ objects look ___________ Robert Hooke = plants (cork) Anton van Leeuwenhoek = animals the ________ unit that can perform all the processes necessary for ____________ discovered by ____________________________ Lesson 1 I can tell what cells are. . . cell I can describe how scientists first observed cells and developed the cell theory… I can describe how microscopes produce magnified images… cell theory a widely accepted ______________ of the relationship between __________ and _____________________ magnification condition of things appearing ______________ than they are compound microscope uses ____ lenses at once: one in the _____________ and one selected from the nosepiece 1. All organisms are made up of _________________. 2. The cell is the ______________ of all living things. 3. All _________ come from _____________. changes how you see objects and reveals details you may not have known were there used in most ________________________ Symbol/Picture resolution electron microscopes Lesson 2 I can describe the functions of cell structures and organelles… organelle the degree to which ________ separate structures that are _________ together can be distinguished use a beam of _________ instead of light to produce a _____________ image allow higher _____________ and better _______________ than light microscopes structures in the cell that perform specific _____________ (jobs) plants, algae cell wall __________ outer structure that ____________, protects and __________ a cell cellulose complex _______that __________ can’t digest cell membrane protective barrier that ___________, protects and _________ a cell the “brick wall”, fence or border line this material makes up the cell __________ ALL cells have controls materials going in (____________)and out (____________) of cell the “doors or gates” nucleus chromatin nucleolus ribosomes a large organelle that produces & ______ the cell’s ______ (genetic material)and other important information thin strands of material that fill the ________, contains information for ____________ a cell’s functions ________ area of the __________ where a cell begins to make ______________ organelles that make ______________ the main control center “headquarters” “president” in his office smallest organelle, float in cytoplasm or are attached to organelles “the people or information” that are being transported cytoplasm mitochondria thick, clear gel-like ________ inside the cell that _________ organelles and allows organelles to _________ around as needed convert _________ stored in food to energy the cell can use to __________ and ______________ does cellular respiration - breaks down sugar to make ATP energy ________% water contains sugar & amino acids ___________ shaped structures “powerhouses” of cell The “power plant or battery” of a cell endoplasmic reticulum also known as the ER golgi apparatus vacuoles an organelle with a network of ___________ that produces many substances helps attached ribosomes make proteins the rough ER is covered in __________ membranes ribosomes the smooth ER is not that help produce _________, lipids & “factory & internal delivery other materials – then system” _______ them to where they are needed organelle that __________ proteins and other newly formed materials from the _________, packages them and ____________ them to other parts of the cell or to the outside of the cell flattened sacs and _________ a “processing center like a large post office, UPS or distribution warehouse” stores _________, food and other materials one or more large water filled sacs floating in the ___________________ sometimes stores ____________ products if not full of water, plants will droop “storage areas/tanks or water tower” chloroplasts chlorophyll lysosomes green structures – what makes capture energy from plants green __________and change it to a form of energy in all plants and some other _________ can use in organisms (not in ____________) making ___________ something that would make sugar – like a candy factory, the hive where nectar is made – or solar panels/cells ____________ pigment found in ___________ contain substances that break down large ________ particles into ______________ones traps energy of sunlight in _________________ saclike organelles “recycling centers” also break down old __________ parts I can describe how cells are organized in many celled organisms… structure function tissue the ___________ and ________________ of parts in an organism the _______ or activity of a cell, tissues, organ or system a group of ________ that work together to __________ a specific ___________ Ex. lung – spongy air sacs lung – breathe in oxygen 4 types in animals= nerve, muscle, connective & protective tissues 3 types in plants = ground, transport & protective organ Lesson 4 I can describe how materials move into and out of cells… a structure made up of 2 or more _____________ working together to perform a specific function (job) organ system a group of _______________workin g together to perform a body function selectively permeable some substances can move across the ___________________ while others can not passive transport diffusion osmosis the movement of ______________ materials across a cell membrane __________ using the cell’s energy the process by which molecules from an area of ___________ concentration to an area of _________ concentration the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively ___________ membrane Ex. humans = heart, stomach, (plants = leaf, stem, roots) digestive, respiratory, nervous systems, etc. example = ____________ and osmosis passive transport passive transport facilitated transport active transport ___________ in the cell membrane form ___________ through which ____________ can pass the movement of materials across a cell membrane ____________ cellular energy passive transport molecules move from areas of ___________ concentration to areas of _____________ concentration _________ have to supply energy endocytosis exocytosis Lesson 5 I can summarize the functions of cell division… growth and _____________ cell membrane changes ________ and engulfs the ____________ allows ________ particles to __________ a cell 2 functions of cell division potassium, sodium & calcium food coming _______ cell active passport – requires energy from the cell waste __________ cell active transport – requires energy from the cell A 3rd function is ______________________ Cell division allows organisms to grow, repair damaged structures and reproduce. I can identify the events that take place during the 3 stages of the cell cycle… cell cycle the regular sequence of __________ and ___________ that cells undergo replication the cell makes an exact _________ of its DNA in its __________ mitosis the cell’s ___________ divides the two nuclei and one set of DNA is distributed in each _____________ cell Learning Targets Lesson 1 I can tell what cells are. . . Cells are the basic units of ___________________ and ___________________ in living things. I can describe how scientists first observed cells and developed the cell theory… All living things are composed of _________________, and all _________________ come from other ___________________. I can describe how microscopes produce magnified images… Some microscopes focus _________________ through lenses to produce a ____________________ image, and other microscopes use beams of _______________________. Lesson 2 I can describe the functions of cell structures and organelles… Each kind of cell structure has a different _______________________ within a cell. I can describe how cells are organized in many celled organisms… In multi-cellular organisms, cells are organized into __________________, ________________ and _______________________. Lesson 4 I can describe how materials move into and out of cells… Substances move into and out of a cell by one of two processes: _____________________________ and _____________________________________. Lesson 5 I can summarize the functions of cell division… Cell division allow organisms to ________________, repair damaged ____________________ and ______________________. I can identify the events that take place during the 3 stages of the cell cycle… During the cell cycle, a cell ________________, prepares for ______________________, and divides into __________ new cells, which are called “___________________________ cells.”