Download Cell organelles

Inner Life of the Cell
(Harvard’s gorgeous animation
of a cell contents doing their
thing)
Cell organelles
Starting activity:
Work out the actual size of the mitochondrion in
the top right side of your labelled animal cell.
Mag =Image size / Actual size A = I/M
A = 12mm/x4000
M = 20mm/5μm
A = 0.003mm
M = 20,000μm / 5μm = x4000
0.003 x 1000 = μm
0.003 x 1000 = 3 μm
3D Interactive cell
Utah cell
The nucleus
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The nuclear envelope
Nuclear pores
Nucleoplasm
Chromatin
The nucleolus
The nucleus:
Acts as the control centre of the cell through the
production of mRNA and protein synthesis
Retains the genetic material of the cell in the form of
DNA / chromosomes.
Manufacture rRNA and ribosomes
Start the process of cell division.
Chloroplasts
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The chloroplast envelope
The stroma
The grana
Starch grains
The mitochondrion
• Double membrane
• Cristae (stalked
elementary particles)
• The matrix (Krebs cycle)
Endoplasmic reticulum
• RER
• SER
• Cisternae
Ribosomes
• 80S type = eukaryotic cells
• 70S type = prokaryotic cells
• 2 sub-units. One large and one
Small.
• Each contain rRNA and protein
• Important in protein synthesis
Golgi apparatus
• Similar to SER in structure.
• Flattened stacks of cisternae.
• Modifies proteins from
ER
Labels them, which allows
Them to go to their correct
Destination.
Modified protein transported in vesicles
Lysosomes
• Formed when vesicles
produced from the golgi
apparatus include within
them enzymes (e.g.
Proteases, lipases)
• Up to 1.0 μm in diameter
• Isolate potentially
harmful enzymes from
rest of cell.
Cell surface (plasma) membrane
• Partially permeable.
• Controls the movement of substances in and
out of the cell.
Cilia
• Threads which extend
from cell surface.
• 3-4 μm long, could be
up to 10 μm. they are
0.2 μm in diameter.
• Basal body embedded
in cytoplasm
• Basal body contains 9
sets of 3 microtubules.
Centrioles
• Found in almost all animal cells.
• NOT in plant cells
• Hollow cylinders 0.5 μm in length and 0.2 μm
in diameter.
• Internal structure = 9 sets of 3 microtubules
• 2 in each cell. Lie at right angles to one
another near the nucleus
Comparing plant and animal cells
Animal cells
• Cell wall absent
• Chloroplasts absent
• Vacuoles if present – small
and scattered.
• Cytoplasm present
throughout the cell
• Nucleus anywhere in cell, but
often central.
• Centrioles present
• Cilia or undulipodia often
present
• Glycogen granules used for
storage
• Almost all cells are capable of
division
Plant cells
• Cell wall with pits and
plasmodesmata.
• Chloroplasts present
• Large single vacuole.
• Cytoplasm – thin layer
confined to edge of cell.
• Nucleus at edge of cell
• Centrioles absent in higher
plants
• Cilia and undulipodia absent.
In higher plants.
• Starch grains used for storage
• Only some cells capable of
division.
Identifying cell organelles
Plenary activity:
Complete short answer questions on cell
organelles.
Complete Q3 from Q booklet
Homework:
Q1 part (a) only & Q4 all parts.
Due: Next lesson.