Download 2015-2016_1Semester_Exam2_140116

PÁZMÁNY PÉTER CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND BIONICS
DEPARTMENT OF NEUROSCIENCE
NEUROBIOLOGY EXAM II.
14-01-2016
Name: …………………………………………………
Points:
(Maximum: 100 points)
Revised by:
___________________________
Revision seen by:
__________________________
Teacher’s signature
Student’s signature
Identify the numbered brain structures in the schemes below!
10 points
5
1
6
3
4
10
8
9
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Cinguli gyrus
Pituitary gland
Corpus callosum
Pons
Sulcus
7
2
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Temporal lobe
Trigeminal nerve (V. CN)
Thalamus
Mamillary body
Optic chiasm
Identify the cellular events (encircled by dashed lines) and the participating cellular organelles labelled with
numbers!
12 points
Cellular event
1.
2.
1
2 +
+ ++ +
3
6
4
3.
4.
5.
6.
Participating organelles
Propagation of depol. Wave
Opening of voltage gated Ca+ ion
channels
Docking
Exocytosis
Receptor activation/ligand binding
Re-uptake of NTs
1.
2.
Ion channels of the membrane
Ca+ gates at the synapse
3.
4.
5.
6.
Membrane, trans. Vesicles, V-SNARE
–II-, NTs
NT, receptor
Transporter, NT
5
Neurotransmitters. Select the adequate neurotransmitter(s) for the statements below to fulfill the criteria phrased!
(Multiple answers are possible!)
5 points
1. Vasopressin
2. Glycine
3. Acetylcholine
It acts via both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors:
Acetylcholine
It is synthesized primarily in the axon terminals:
2.3.4
Plasma membrane transporters participate in their recycling:
2.3.4
It has central, as well as peripheral targets:
1
It acts as a hormone released into the systemic circulation:
1
4. Serotonin
Describe the major changes in the given parameters during the identified processes! Give the direction and the
change in the parameters (from-to-values).
10 points
Changes in the intracellular calcium concentration, when the action potential reaches the axon terminal:
1000-fold (100nM -> 100microM)
Changes in the gap between neighboring cells, if synapses are formed: From 3 to 30 nm
Changes in the conductance velocity with myelination of axons: From 1 to 100 m/s
Changes of the membrane potential upon binding of GABA to GABA-A receptors From -30mV to -65mV
Changes in the firing rate of motoneurons, if the innervated muscle fibers are suddenly elongated: wtf
Find the corresponding 2nd messengers and target molecules!
2nd messengers
7 points
target molecules
a.
calcium
calmodulin
b.
cAMP
PKA (protein kinase A)
c.
IP3
receptors of Endopl. Ret.
d.
DAG and Ca+
PKC
e.
cAMP
PKA
f.
MAPKK
MAP kinase
g.
cGMP
PKG
Spinal cord. Cutting the major pathways on the right side results in defects in their functions. Identify the major
pathways affected and answer the following questions!
6 points
1
____________________________________________________
2
____________________________________________________
3
____________________________________________________
What symptoms can be detected on the side of lesion? _________
______________________________________________________
What symptoms can be detected on the opposite side of the lesion? _______________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Can the patella reflex be evoked by a C6 segment lesion? Give also an explanation __________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Define/explain the essence of the following terms!
10 points
1. Electron density (in electron microscopy): The E-densiy of the sample determines the magnitude of the
interaction of the sample and the E-beam, and therefore the contrast of the resulting image.
2. Portal circulation of the pituitary gland: Enables the transportation of release and release-inhibiting
hormones from the parocellular secretory cells to the anterior pituitary.
3. Lateral lemniscus: Tract in the brain stem that carries information from the cochlea to the inferior
colliculus. (Via the superior olive)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4. EPSCs: ____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter (VIAAT): _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6. Morris water-maze: ___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
7. Retrograde neurotransmission: _________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
8. Commissural pathways: _______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
9. Receptive field: _____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
10. First order neurons in the sensory pathways: _____________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Evaluate the following sentences for correctness (True or false)! If it is true, name the pathway, if it is not, provide
a brief explanation why!
10 points
CA3 pyramidal cells send axons to the mammillary body of the hypothalamus to form a part of the limbic
circuit.
______________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
The third order neurons of the medial lemniscus system send axons to the ventral postero-medial nucleus of
the thalamus:
_______________
______________________________________________________________________________________
The 5th layer pyramidal cells in the primary somatomotor cortex send axons to the brainstem motor nuclei of
the cranial nerves:
______________
____________________________________________________________________________________
The Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex send axons to the ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus:
_______________
___________________________________________________________________________________
The left temporal portion of the retina send projections to the right lateral geniculate body: ______________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Complete the text below!
10 points
The neural tube is formed from the _________________________. The process is induced by the
_______________________________________. Constituents of the nervous system also derive from the
__________________________________________________ and ________________________________.
The prosencephalic vesicle differentiates further resulting in the ____________________________________
and ________________________________ vesicles.
The outgrowing optic vesicle develops from the
___________________________________ and provides later the innermost layer of the eyeball, the
________________________________. During the development of the spinal cord the ventral horns derive
from the ________________________________. The alar plates in the spinal cord provide the
_____________________________________.
Choose a method to solve the following experimental task and explain why it is suitable for that particular
task!
10 points
1. Demonstration of the distribution of GABAA receptors in pyramidal cells: ______________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Demonstration of the effect of glucocorticoids on the expression of CRH in the hypothalamic
paraventricular nucleus: ________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. Demonstration of membrane potential changes during burst firing of thalamic neurons: ____________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. Demonstration of dendritic spines on Purkinje cells: ________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Demonstration of the spinal projections of neurons of nucleus ruber:___________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
This electron micrograph shows a climbing fiber (No 1). Answer the following questions:
8 points
Where is the somatodendritic part of the
neuron located, which is giving rise to this
process?___________________________
Which neuron’s process is No.2. ? Parallel
1
fibers?
2
What kind of processes (No. 3.) do surround
No. 1. and 2.? Purkinje cells
3
List three more functions of No.3. cells :
What kind of transmitter is stored in the synaptic vesicles of No1. process? ____________________________
What other cells contribute to the innervation of No2. process?_______________________________________
Briefly summarize the function of the following parts of the CNS!
2 points
Brodmann areas 44-45: ___________________________________________________________________
Heschl’s gyri (Brodmann areas 41-42):________________________________________________________