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Transcript
Cells Notes Discovery Robert Hooke First observed cells in __________ Examined a thin piece of ___________ Described the image like looking at little boxes. These reminded him of the _________ _________ in which monks lived called __________, so he called them cells Came up with _________ _________ Cell Theory 1. 2. 3. Two Types of Cells – Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Prokaryotic cells – Eukaryotic cells- -_____ nucleus -_____ organelles -________ and _________ -has a __________ -has _____________ -_________ and __________ Prokaryotes Prokaryotes have: NO ___________ NO organelles Are SMALL and _________ Prokaryotic organisms are ___________: composed of one cell Example: BACTERIA No nucleus DNA floats around inside cell Eukaryotes Eukaryotes have Nucleus ______________ Are large and ______________ Eukaryotic organisms may be either Unicellular: one cell Multicellular: _________ __________ Examples: ___________ CELLS PLANT CELLS Formative Review Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotes? A. No nucleus B. No organelles C. Large and complex T/F Eukaryotes have no nucleus Which of the following is not part of the cell theory A. Basic unit of life B. Come from pre-existing cells C. Are non living Levels of Organization Cell Specialization: Multicellular organisms are able to___________ which allows the cells to ___________ _____________ ________________. For example, a cell can become a nerve cell or muscle Groups of these cells then combine to form systems: _________ ___ _________________ ________Tissue_________Organ System Cell: Are the __________ ______ of structure and function in living things Tissue: Made up of _______ that are ___________ in structure and function that work together to perform a specific function Ex. Bone and muscle tissue Organ: Made up of ______________ that ______ __________ to perform a specific activity or function Ex. Heart, Brain Organ System: Groups of ______ ___ _______ ________ that work together to perform a specific function for the organism. Ex. Digestive System, Nervous System Parts of Animal Cells Cell Membrane _______________ Organelles: small specialized structures inside cell ______________ Ribosome Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough and Smooth Golgi apparatus ________________ Centriole _______________ Plasma (Cell) Membrane Outer _____________ of cell ___________ and supports cell Selectively permeable: ________ which substances _________ and leave the cell Also called phospholipid ________ Plasma Membrane - Phospholipid Bilayer Phospholipids Phosphate head ___________: ________ water (“water loving”) Interacts with water Two fatty acid tails (lipid) _____________: _______ water (“water fearing”) Bilayer: Cell membrane is arranged in ___ _________ of phospholipids Cytoplasm Cytoplasm – _____ ________ Located between the cell membrane and the nucleus Contains all the _____________ of the cell Mitochondria “_________ __________” Function: makes ___________ (ATP) for cell Has a smooth outer membrane and folded inner membrane Ribosomes Function: __________ __________ for the cell Locations _______________ Attached to the (Rough ER) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Usually connected to the nuclear membrane “Rough” because it has ___________ on it Function: Takes __________ made by ribosomes to the Golgi Apparatus or the cell membrane ______________________ within cell Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Function: Makes ___________ sends them to the Golgi Apparatus or the cell membrane ______________________ within cell __________ _________ toxic substances Golgi Apparatus Function: modifies, sorts, and packages substances from the ER and stores or exports them _________ ________ Lysosomes Spherical Function: ________ ___________ proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, DNA, RNA, etc. Centrioles Function: Help separate chromosomes during ______ ___________ Nucleus Function: Contains _________ Keeps DNA separate from the rest of cell _________ center of cell Nucleolus Small dense region in the ______________ Function: where assembly of _______________ begins. Plant Cells ONLY Have ALL of the previous organelles seen in animal cells….plus 3 more!!!!!!!! _______ _________ Chloroplasts _________ Again, animal cells ____ _____ have these 3! Cell Wall Stiff Outside the cell membrane Function: ______ _________ and protect the plant Chloroplasts Function: Site of ______________ (food making) Capture _____ from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy (food). Contains light capturing pigments including chlorophyll (makes them green) Vacuoles Fluid-filled organelle Function: that _______ _________, enzymes and wastes