Download 1. The left and right hemispheres communicate with each other

Psychology 132 (44-57)
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1.A patient with anterograde amnesia and a patient with retrograde amnesia differ in their memory deficits. In
the immediate free recall of a series of unrelated words
a. both patients exhibit recency
b. only the retrograde patient exhibits primacy
c. the anterograde patient exhibits both recency and primacy, the retrograde patient exhibits only primacy
d. both a and b are true
2.
Coding that emphasizes the semantic content of written material characterizes
a. implicit memory
b. long-term memory
c. episodic memory
d. short-term memory
3.In the primary motor projection area
a. larger regions are dedicated to larger body segments
b. the regions controlling the lips, jaw and tongue are farther from the lateral fissure than the region
controlling the arm
c. long stimulation of a region produces movements to particular locations
d. different regions receive signals from muscles in different segments of the body
4.
Duplex theory distinguishes
a. short wavelength cones from medium wavelength cones
b. foveal from peripheral vision
c. rods from cones in terms of their responsiveness to light intensity
d. bipolar and ganglion cells in terms of their responsiveness to the wavelengths of light
5.Recovery of brain function
a. is least likely if the brain injury occurs during early childhood
b. is better following a single large stroke than a series of small strokes
c. is maximal if the brain injury occurs during adolescence
d. is much less pronounced several years after the brain injury than in the months immediately following
the brain injury
6.Which of the following statements is false?
a. Neurotrophic factors may prevent the death of brain cells following brain injury
b. Empiricists assert that perception relies on learned associations
c. The notion of distributed memory is analogous to Lashley’s law of equipotentiality
d. The just noticeable difference for the sensation of brightness is the same for all magnitudes of light
intensity
7.Alzheimer’s disease involves damage to
a. the hippocampus
b. the area responsible for Korsakoff’s syndrome
c. a brain region forward of that responsible for HM’s disorder
d. the occipital lobe
8.
Stem cells have the capability of becoming
a. neurons
b. bones
c. organs (e.g., heart, lungs)
d. all of the above
9.If HM rehearses a 7-digit number for 30 minutes before being interrupted, he will remember
a. an hour later that he did rehearse a particular number but will not be able to recall what it was.
b. the number while rehearsing it but will forget the number as soon as he is interrupted.
c. the number for several months but only if asked to recall it in the setting in which he originally
Psychology 132 (44-57)
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rehearsed it
d. the number for another 30 minutes after rehearsal but no longer.
10.
A person suffering from the neglect syndrome
a. typically has damage in the left temporal lobe
b. will read baseball and toothpick as “base” and “tooth”
c. will, when dressing, neglect to put his left leg into his pants
d. all of the above
11.
Apraxia
a. results from lesions in the primary projection area of the frontal lobes
b. that results from damage to the left frontal lobe may include nonfluent aphasia
c. is usually the consequence of damage in the nonprimary areas of the parietal lobes
d. is a break down in the ordinary ability to recognize objects that one sees, hears, or touches
12.
With respect to lateralization and left handers
a. the majority of left-handers have speech localized in the right hemisphere
b. less than 30% of left handers have language in the right hemisphere
c. left-handed people with aphasia have a better chance of ultimate recovery than right-handed
people with aphasia
d. both b and c
13.
Manny has learned a list of letters by organizing it into 4 chunks, each chunk containing 2 letters. Pedro
has learned another list of letters by organizing it into 4 chunks, each chunk containing 4 letters. Which of
the following statements is true?
a. In a recall test two hours later, Manny and Pedro will be able to recall approximately the same number
of letters
b. Pedro’s working memory load is larger than Manny’s
c. In a recall test two hours later, Pedro will recall more letters than Manny
d. Only Manny will be able to transfer the list to long-term memory
14
Memories in permastore
a. decline in availability at a rate that does not depend on how well the memories were established
originally
b. decline least rapidly in the first 3 years and most rapidly from 10 to 30 years
c. decline rapidly in the first 3 years and minimally from 10 to 30 years
d. both a and c
15.
Berkeley
a. was an empiricist
b. proposed the law of mass action
c. was a nativist
d. investigated the psychological effects of severing the corpus callosum
16.
Which of the following depicts normal performance for the immediate free recall of a series of 20 words?
a.
b.
c.
d.
%
Recal
l
%
Recal
l
5 10 15 20
Position in List
17.
%
Recal
l
5 10 15 20
Position in List
%
Recal
l
5 10 15 20
Position in List
According to trichromatic theory
a. there are three receptor types each giving rise to the experience of one basic color
5 10 15 20
Position in List
Psychology 132 (44-57)
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b. all colors are produced by the mixture of red, green, and yellow
c. four colors form two complementary and antagonistic pairs: red-green, blue-yellow
d. rods are used at night, cones in daylight, and both are used at dusk
18.
The primary sensory projection area for hearing is located in which lobe?
a. parietal
b. occipital
c. frontal
d. temporal
19.
According to opponent-process theory of color vision, the red-green system
a. signals green, if excitation outweighs inhibition
b. signals red, if inhibition outweighs excitation
c. signals gray, if excitation equals inhibition
d. signals red, if there is no excitation from short wavelength (blue) cones
20.
With an intact corpus callosum
a. there are no differences between the two hemispheres
b. signals can travel between the language and spatial hemispheres
c. signals can travel between the right parietal and right temporal lobes
d. there can be no aphasia
21.
Given where the depicted eye is positioned, which person would have projected the depicted retinal image
from the depicted location (a is the nearest, d is the furthest)?
a.
b.
c.
22.
According to the doctrine of specific nerve energies or qualities
a. perceptions are specific to distal stimuli
b. sensations are specific to the energy stimulating receptors
c. activity in the optic nerve can only be produced by light energy
d. sensations are specific to the nerves that are excited
23.
Which of the following is true about HM?
a. he has no record of experiences subsequent to the onset of his amnesia
b. he has no LTM
c. he has no STM
d. none of the above
24.
The primacy effect in free recall is
a. stronger for slower presentations of the items to be recalled
b. unaffected by delaying recall
c. both a and b
d. indicative of STM
25.
What does the diagram to the right depict?
a. Ambiguity of the retinal image
d.
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b. Many proximal stimuli can produce the same distal stimulus
c. Farther objects produce larger proximal stimuli than nearer objects
d. Larger distal stimuli produce smaller proximal stimuli
26.
Lateral inhibition
a. exaggerates intensity differences between neighboring regions of the retina
b. allows less active cells to shut down more active neighboring cells
c. reduces intensity differences between neighboring regions of the retina
d. refers to the influence of bipolar cells on ganglion cells
27.
In reference to the visual system
a. all locations on the retina are occupied by a photoreceptor of some kind
b. the entire visual field is projected onto each occipital lobe
c. the sensation of light can only be induced by stimulating the retina with light
d. the fovea is the region on the retina in which the receptors are most densely packed
28.
Aphasias are associated with
a. Broca and Sperry
b. Wernicke and Broca
c. Lashley and Muller
d. Muller and Sperry
29.
Lashley’s experiments directed at the localization of memory suggested that
a. destruction of the association cortex results in the elimination of engrams
b. the motor cortex is crucial to memory storage and retrieval in lower animals (e.g. rat)
c. visually based engrams are stored in specific areas of the visual cortex
d. loss of cortex leads to a deficit in memory that varies with the size of the loss more so than the site of
the loss
30.
According to Weber’s law, if 2 light bulbs must go out in a room in which 20 are burning before the room
becomes noticeably dimmer, then a room in which 40 are burning will become noticeably dimmer when
_______ bulbs go out.
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
31.
In respect to theories of the qualitative nature of sensory experience
a. cones are examples of quality-specific neurons
b. the alternative to Muller’s doctrine is that different sensory qualities relate to different patterns of
activation across large collections of neurons
c. the basis for different qualities within a sense seems to vary with the sensory system
d. all of the above are true
32.
For a person who has suffered concussion, recall of any event prior to the concussion depends on the
delay between the event and the concussion. Longer delays yield better recall. This fact
a. suggests a process of trace consolidation
b. is known as Ribot’s law
c. is an example of spreading activation
d. is known as proactive interference
33.
A patient who can perceive each separate detail of a picture but is unable to identify the picture as a whole
would be suffering from
a. a defect in the primary projection area of the occipital lobe
b. agnosia
c. destruction in the rear part of the corpus callosum
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d. neglect syndrome
34.
Which of the following is false
a. Light to the eye passes through ganglion cells and bipolar cells before reaching the rods and cones
b. Maximal sensitivity of rods occurs at a higher wavelength than maximal sensitivity of cones
c. Lateral inhibition is a mechanism for refining light information that operates very soon after light enters
the eye
d. In discriminating among wavelengths it is the relative rates of response by the three cone types that
matters.
35.
Which of the following is true
a. a right-handed split brain patient cannot draw a copy of a simple picture using the right hand
b. the right hemisphere does not receive signals from the half of the right retina near the nose
c. the right hemisphere can assume almost all cerebral functions following complete removal of the left
hemisphere if the hemispherectomy is performed at a sufficiently early age
d. all of the above
36.
The spreading activation hypothesis for searching generic memory proposes that
a. connections among concepts serve the dual role of providing the means to locate information and to
represent knowledge
b. when a concept in memory is activated, that activation spreads to all neighboring concepts at the
same rate
c. activation increases in strength as it spreads through the network of concepts
d. both a and b
37.
Which of the following is a reasonable distinction between explicit and implicit memory?
a. Explicit is controllable, implicit is automatic
b. Explicit stores procedural memories, implicit stores declarative memories
c. Explicit is unconscious, implicit is conscious
d. none of the above
38.
Retrograde amnesia
a. frequently accompanies anterograde amnesia
b. occurs only in the elderly
c. is evidence that newer memory traces are less vulnerable to brain damage than older ones
d. provides a counter example to Ribot’s Law
39.
With respect to the encoding specificity hypothesis:
a. It accounts for why forgetting is often temporary rather than permanent
b. The detrimental effects of a change in physical context from study to test can be offset by mentally
recreating the original physical context
c. It may explain why childhood experiences before the age of three or four are so difficult to remember
d. all of the above
40.
The Weber fraction
a. is directed at relating the physical stimulus intensity to the quality of psychological sensory experience
b. is identical for the different senses
c. when large, means that the discriminating power is large
d. indicates that the nervous system is sensitive to proportional differences rather than absolute
differences
41.
The temporal and occipital lobes
a. are the sites of the somatosensory and visual projection areas, respectively
b. are found only in the right hemisphere
c. include both primary sensory projection areas and association cortex
d. are the sites of the sensory projections from ears and eyes, respectively, but exclude the
corresponding auditory and visual non-projection areas
Psychology 132 (44-57)
42.
43.
Page 6
Which of the following constitute the classical definition of the problem of perception?
a. distal stimuli are ambiguous
C
A do not
B specify
100%stimuli
b. proximal
distal stimuli
c. perception
does
not
correspond
to theD proximal stimulus
maximum
d. both
b and c
absorption
0%
Difficulties400
in social interactions
and a deficiency
in response inhibition characterize patients with damage to the
500
600
700 nm
a. non-primary areas of the
frontal
lobes
Wavelength
b. hippocampus
c. parietal lobes
d. primary motor projection areas
44.
Which area is Wernicke’s?
D
B
A
C
45.
Which kind of memory informs us that Paris is the capital of France and that 3 is the square root of 9?
a. generic
b. episodic
c. implicit
d. working
46.
Blue-yellow cells
a. are excited by “red” cones
b. are inhibited by “blue” cones
c. are inhibited by “green” cones
d. are not influenced by either “red” cones or “green” cones
47.
Determining “what goes where” characterizes the specialty of
a. the left hemisphere
b. the right hemisphere
c. Broca’s area
d. the corpus callosum
48.
Sensations
a. are the primitive experiences that the senses provide and upon which perceptions are built
b. are the same as perceptions
c. relate more closely to the proximal stimulus than to the distal stimulus
d. both a and c
49.
A typical color-blind individual would see
a. only grays, blues, and yellows
b. no colors at all
c. only blues, reds, and grays
d. different pairs of colors depending on whether the conditions of illumination favored rod or cone usage
50.
Which is the sensitivity curve of “green” cones?