Download Exam Review - Roosevelt High School

Exam Review
IB Biology HL
What is a difference between human
sperm and human egg cells?
• A. Sperm have more chromosomes.
• B. Sperm have a larger surface area to volume
ratio.
• C. Eggs have an autosome.
• D. The division of the cytoplasm in sperm
production is uneven
Which pair of statements best describes
oogenesis and spermatogenesis?
Outline a possible cause of Down
syndrome.
• An extra chromosome 21 caused by
sister chromatids not separating during
meiosis
Discuss the ethical issues surrounding
IVF.
• Multiple births
• Complications for mom or baby
Draw a labelled diagram of the adult
female reproductive system.
During urine production, what
happens if the water content of the
blood is too low?
• A. Membrane channels are produced in
the cells of the collecting duct.
• B. The pituitary gland stops secreting
ADH.
• C. The collecting duct becomes less
permeable to water.
• D.Large volumes of dilute urine are
formed.
What happens when ATP binds to
myosin heads during muscle
contraction?
• A. Calcium ions are released from the
sarcoplasmic reticulum.
• B. Calcium ions are taken up by the
sarcoplasmic reticulum.
• C. Cross-bridges between myosin heads
and actin filaments are broken.
• D. Myosin heads form cross-bridges with
actin filaments.
What is indicated by
the letters X, Y and Z?
State the
function of
the structure
labelled A.
What prevents antibiotics from being
effective against viruses?
•
•
•
•
A. Viruses have a high rate of mutation.
B. Viruses have no RNA.
C. Viruses have no metabolism.
D. Viruses have a protein shell that
protects them.
How can active immunity be acquired?
•
•
•
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
By having the disease
Injection of antibodies
Through colostrum
Via placenta
Where in a cell are antigens found?
•
•
•
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
In the nucleus
In the cytoplasm
In the plasma membrane
On the surface of the Golgi apparatus
What is required to produce
monoclonal antibodies?
•
•
•
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
T-lymphocytes and oocytes
T-lymphocytes and early embryo cells
B-lymphocytes and tumour cells
B-lymphocytes and stem cells
Explain the principles of vaccination.
Which response describes the behaviour of
chromosomes in metaphase I and
anaphase II of meiosis?
• A. Chromosomes line up at the equator;
Separation of homologous chromosomes
• B. Tetrads (bivalents) line up at the equator;
Separation of homologous chromosomes
• C. Chromosomes line up at the equator;
Separation of sister chromatids
• D. Tetrads (bivalents) line up at the equator;
Separation of sister chromatids
The allele for red flower colour (R) in a certain plant is codominant with the allele for white flowers (R’). Thus a plant with
the genotype RR’ has pink flowers. Tall (D) is dominant to dwarf
(d). What would be the expected phenotypic ratio from a cross
of RR’dd plants with R’R’Dd plants?
• A. 9:3:3:1
• B. 50% pink 50% white, and all tall
• C. 1:1:1:1, in which 50% are tall,
50% dwarf, 50% pink and 50% white
• D. 3:1
What is the locus of a gene?
• A. The proportion of the population that
have the gene
• B. The part of the phenotype that is
affected by the gene
• C. The position of a gene on a
chromosome
• D. The predicted effect of natural
selection on the frequency of the gene
A gene has three alleles. How many
different genotypes can be found for this
gene?
•
•
•
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
3
6
9
12
Which human trait shows a pattern of
polygenic inheritance?
• A. ABO blood type
• B. Sickle cell anemia
• C. Skin colour
• D. Co-dominant alleles
How does the X chromosome differ
from the Y chromosome in humans?
• A. The Y chromosome is longer.
• B. Some genes on the X chromosome are
absent from the Y chromosome.
• C. The genes are the same but some on
the Y chromosome are not expressed.
• D. The X chromosome determines sex.
Plants develop brightly coloured flowers to attract
animals. Which process is directly assisted by this
adaptation?
•
•
•
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
Seed dispersal
Pollination
Fertilization
Germination
Which of the following will promote
variation in a species?
I. Meiosis
II. Fertilization
III. Natural selection
•
•
•
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
I only
II only
I and II only
I, II and III
Why has antibiotic resistance evolved
in bacteria?
• A. All bacteria reproduce very quickly.
• B. Bacteria exposed to antibiotics developed
a resistance to them.
• C. Varieties of bacteria resistant to antibiotics
reproduce faster than non-resistant varieties.
• D. Bacteria showing resistance to antibiotics
survive after antibiotics are used.
Which of the following represent
homologous features?
•
•
•
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
Wings in birds and insects
The appendix in humans and horses
Fins in fish and wings in birds
The striped coat of the zebra and the tiger
Draw and label a diagram of the
molecular structure of DNA.
Explain the consequences of a base
substitution mutation in relation to the
processes of transcription and translation.
Which vessel directly supplies the
heart muscle with blood?
•
•
•
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
The aorta
The pulmonary artery
The coronary artery
The pulmonary vein
Is the blood in the aorta, left ventricle and
pulmonary artery oxygenated or
deoxygenated?
Aorta
Left Ventricle
Oxygenated
deoxygenated
Pulmonary
artery
deoxygenated
deoxygenated
Oxygenated
Oxygenated
Oxygenated
Oxygenated
deoxygenated
Oxygenated
Oxygenated
Oxygenated
Celiac disease causes the destruction of the villi
cells. Which of the following is most likely to
happen to people with celiac disease?
• A. Incomplete digestion of fats
• B. Poor absorption of calcium
• C. Increased levels of glucose in blood
• D. Damage in the esophagus caused by
increase in acid content of the stomach
•
•
•
•
What sequence of organs do substances pass
through, as they move through the human
digestive system?
A. mouth  stomach  pancreas small
intestine  liver  large intestine  anus
B. mouthstomach small intestine 
pancreasliver  large intestine  anus
C. mouthesophagus stomach small
intestine  large intestine  anus
D. mouth esophagus  stomach  large
intestine  small intestineanus
Explain the need for enzymes in
digestion
Which group of organisms in the carbon cycle
converts carbon into a form that is available to
primary consumers?
• A. Decomposers
• B. Saprotrophs
• C. Detritus feeders
• D. Producers
What is a potential consequence of the rise
in global temperatures on the Arctic
ecosystem?
• A. Increased exposure to UV light
• B. Increased rate of decomposition of
detritus
• C. Decreased success of pest species
• D. Increase in the ice habitat available to
polar bears
According to the precautionary principle, what
should happen if there are fears that eating a
food might cause a health problem?
• A. People should be warned about the possible
health problem.
• B. The company producing the food should be
warned about the possible health problem.
• C. People who have fears about the food should
test it to see if it causes a real health problem.
• D. The company producing the food should test
the food to prove that it does not cause a health
problem.
Describe what is meant by a food
chain using an example with four
named organisms.
Explain how natural selection leads to
evolution.
The sequence of nucleotides in a section of
RNA is:
GCCAUACGAUCG
What is the base sequence of the DNA
sense strand?
•
•
•
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
CGGUAUGCUAGC
GCCATACGATCG
CGGTATGCTAGC
GCCAUACGAUCG
What is removed during the formation
of mature RNA in eukaryotes?
•
•
•
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
Exons
Introns
Codons
Nucleosomes
What happens during translation?
•
•
•
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
Copying of DNA to produce DNA
Copying of DNA to produce mRNA
Copying of DNA to produce tRNA
Polypeptide synthesis