Download Cellular Structures and Organelles

Cellular Structures and
Organelles
Nucleus
Lysosomes
Vacuole
Centrioles
Cilia and Flagella
Ribosomes
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Chloroplasts
Cell wall
Nucleus
• Surrounded by double layer MEMBRANE
called the NUCLEAR Envelope
• Serves as the Control CENTER OF THE CELL
• Nuclear Pores allow molecules in and out
Nucleus
• CONTAINS CELL’S GENETIC MATERIAL (DNA)
• DNA is scrunched up as Chromosomes in
DIVIDING CELLS
• DNA is spread out as Chromatin in NONDIVIDING CELLS
Nucleolus
Located in the nucleus and
produces Ribosomes.
Cytoplasm
• Cytoplasm – contains all the cytosol (jelly like
fluid) and organelles in between the nucleus
and cell membrane.
• Found in all Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells.
Lysosomes
• Sac containing hydrolytic enzymes
• FUNCTION: Digests old cell organelles or parts
• Plays a role in PCD “programmed cell death”
Cell suicide for the good of the Organism
• Found in most cells except plant cells
• Formed from the ends of Golgi that pinch off
Vacuole
• STORAGE SPACE FOR: Proteins, Ions, Wastes, and
cell products such as glucose
• Huge in Plant cells, small in Animal cells, NOT in
Prokaryotic cells.
Centrioles
• Only seen in Animal cells during cell division
• Function: Separate chromosome pairs during
Mitosis
Cillia and Flagella
• Cilia are short, more numerous hair like
structures
• CILIA: FUNCTION Movement and Feeding
Flagella
Flagella are long whip like tails
FLAGELLA: FUNCTION Movement
Ribosomes
• Can be Free Floating in the cytosol or Attached
to the surface of Rough ER
• FUNCTION: Site for Protein Synthesis (where
proteins are made)
• Most numerous organelle
Cell (plasma) Membrane
• Separates the cytoplasm of the cell from its
environment
• Protects the cell & controls what enters and
leaves
• Composed of a lipid bilayer made of
phospholipid molecules
• Certain small molecules such as CO2, H2O, &
O2 can easily pass through the phospholipids
Cell Membrane
HYDROPHOBIC “tails” of phospholipids make molecules
line up as a LIPID Bilayer (two layers) with POLAR heads
facing the water and NON-POLAR tails facing away from
the water
Cell Membrane
• Phospholipids and proteins Drift or move side to
side for short distances.
• Proteins make a pattern on the surface known as
the Fluid Mosaic model.
• Membranes are Selectively Permeable
(Semipermeable) when they allow certain
molecules to pass through; but keep others out.
Mitochondria
• Contains its own DNA to make more
mitochondria when needed.
• Called the Power House of cell
• Burns Glucose to release energy.
Stores energy released as ATP.
Golgi Apparatus
• Looks like a stack of flattened Sacs called
cisternea.
• FUNCTION: Modify, sort, and package
substances from ER for Transport out of cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Two Types – Rough ER and Smooth ER
• Internal network of folded membranes in the
cytoplasm.
• Rough ER has Ribosomes on its surface, while
Smooth does not.
• FUNCTION ER: Site of cellular chemical reactions
Chloroplasts
• Has its own ________
• Double membrane sacs called Thylakoids
contain CHLOROPHYLL where Photosynthesis
happens. Stacks of thylakoids are called
Grana. Gel like material around thylakoids is
called Stroma.
• FOUND ONLY IN Plant CELLS
Cell Wall
• Found OUTSIDE the Cell Membrane.
• Provides Support & Protection.
• Cellulose in the cell wall makes plant cells
sturdy.
• Bacteria have cell walls made of Chitin instead
of cellulose.