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DNAandGenes
Section 11.1 DNA: The Molecule of
Heredity
In your textbook,
readaboutwhatDNA is andthereplicationof DNA.
label the diagram.use thesechoices:nucleotide,deoxyribose,phosphategroup, nitrogen base,
hydrogenbonds,basepair.
1.
2.
3.
Complete each statement.
O
, guanine (G), cytosine (C), and th)'mine (T) are the four
7.
in DNA.
-
8. In DNA,
F
E
o
o
alwaysforms hydrogenbondswith guanine(G).
9. The sequenceof
1 0 . The processof
carries the genetic information of an organism.
produces a new copy of an organism's genetic information,
which is passedon to a new cell.
o
O
11. The double-coiled shapeof DNA is called a
A.
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REINFORCEMENT
AND STUDYGUIDE
CHAPTER 11 BIOLOGY The Dlnamics of Life
Name
u,
DNA and GeneSlcontinued
Section 11'2 From DNAto Protein
read'aboutgenesand proteinsand E]'{A'
In "vourtextboo,k,,
differences n"#
Complete the chart on the three chemical
1. strand of nucleotides
3. nitroqen base
code'
In vou't'textbook,ren'daboutthe genetic
Complete each statement'
4. Proteins are made uP of
of
5. There are twenty different types
for building
6. The messageof the DNA codeis information
as a
codesfor an amino acid is known
7. Each set of three nitrogen basesthat
.E
is representedby the mRNA codonACA'
8. The amino acid
are nRNA codonsfor phenylalanine'
and
9.
E
o
r)
,F
I
o
e
for the same amino acid'
10. There can be more than one
F
o
one
11. For any one codon, there can be only
f
12.Thegeneticcodeissaidtobeuniversalbecauseacodonrepresentsthesame
in almost all organisms'
, and
13.
and
14.
a
z
are stop codons.
@
are amino acids that are each
representedbY onlY one codon'
t
of Life
CHAPTER 11 BIOLOGY The Dynamics
AND STUDYGUIDE
REINFORCEMENT
t
L
I
ll
l
i
DNA and GeneSl continued
Section11.2 FromDNAto Protein,
continued
l
In yoar textbook,readabouttranscriptionfromDNA to mRNAComplete each statement.
15. Proteins are made in the cytoplasm of a cell, whereas DNAis found only in the
II
i\i
I
ii
16. The processof making RNA from DNA is called
17. The processof transcriptionis similar to the processof DNA
18.
iI
carriesinformation from the DNA in the nucleusout into the cyto-
l
li
t
plasmof the cell.
19. mRNA carriesthe information for making proteinsto the
In your textbook,readabouttranslationfrom mKNA toprotein.
O
Label the diagram. L/se these choices: transfer RNA (tRNA), amino acid, amino acid chain, codon,
anticodon, messengerRNA (mRNA), ribosome.
20.
l
U
E
€
23.
f
t
E
24,
o
.F
o
O
26.
REINFORCEMENT
AND STUDYGUIDE
CHAPTER 11 BIOLOGY The Dynamicsof Life
,l,
4
d
Name
DNA and Genesl continued
Section 11.3 Genetic Changes
In your textbook,read'aboutrnutation: a chnngein DNA.
Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement.
1. A mutation is anv mistakeor chanqein the
c. ribosomes.
b. DNA sequence.
a. cell.
2. A point mutation is a change in
a. severalbasesin mRNA.
c. a single basepair in DNA.
d. nucleus.
b. several basesin tRNA.
d, several base pairs in DNA.
3, A mutation in which a single baseis added or deleted from DNA is called
G. translocation.
b. a point mutation.
a. a frame shift mutation.
4. Chromosomal mutations are especiallycommon in
c. bacteria.
b. animals.
a. humans.
d. nondisjunction,
d. plants.
5. Few chromosome mutations are passedon to the next generation because
a. the zygote usually dies.
b. the mature organism is sterile.
c. the mature organism is often incapable of producing offspring'
t
d. all of the above.
6. When part of one chromosome breaksoff and is added to a different chromosome, the result is a(n)
d. deletion.
c. lnverslon.
b. insertion.
a. ffanslocation.
7. Many chromosome mutations result when chromosomesfail to separateproperly during
d' linkage'
c. crossing over'
b. meiosis'
a. mitosis.
8. The failure of homologous chromosomesto separateproperly is called
c. nondisiunction.
b. disjunction.
a. translocation.
9. Mutations that occur at random are called
a. spontaneousmutations.
c. nonrandom mutations.
8
O
t
d. deletion.
o
E
F
b. nonspontaneousmutations.
d. environmental mutations.
o
10. An agent that can causea change in DNA is called a(n)
b, inversion.
a, zygote.
d.
mutation.
c. mutagen.
11. Mutations in body cells can sometimesresult in
a. new species.
c. sterile offspring.
ii
*
E
z
>
e
o
b, cancer.
d. hybrids.
O
,
11 BIOLOGY The Dy'namicsof Life
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R E I N F O R C E M EANNTD S T U D YG U I D E