Download Study Guide for Exam 3

Biology 107
Study Guide
Miramar College
Trubovitz
Study Guide for Exam #3
Note: This is intended to supplement your studies for the exam. It is recommended that
you read the text as well as study your lecture notes in addition to completing this
study guide. Note that many of these tasks do not ask you to just memorize, but to
make use of the terms, be prepared. In preparation for the third exam you should be
able to perform the following tasks:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Chapter 8:
Describe the typical flow of genetic information in a cell.
Define gene, transcription, and translation.
Describe how the processes of transcription and translation relate.
Explain how DNA and RNA go through transcription and translation.
State the nucleotides found in DNA and the ones in RNA.
Be able to apply the base-pairing rules to predict the nucleotide structure of a
complimentary strand of DNA or transcription into RNA. Show the compliment to
a sequence of 9 nucleotides.
8. Explain where the different types of RNA are found: mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA
9. Be able to accurately use the codon table to predict the amino acid sequence of a
protein.
10. Explain how mutations affect protein synthesis.
11. Recognize examples of silent mutations.
12. Recognize examples of insertions, deletions, and frameshift mutations.
13. Explain the importance of controlling gene expression.
14. Explain when DNA replication occurs in the cell cycle.
15. Give the function of DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase.
16. Explain the implications of the DNA code being common to all organisms.
17. Explain how DNA from one organism is used in another organism.
18. Identify potential medical treatments based on DNA technology.
19.Chapter 9
20. Name the purposes of cell division.
21. Explain the significance of stem cells.
22. Name the stages in the life cycle of a cell.
23. List the stages of mitosis in their proper order.
24. Recognize the events that occur in each stage of mitosis.
25. Explain how animals and plants differ in how they carry out mitosis.
26. Explain the nature of cancer as it relates to mitosis.
27. Define the terms tumor, benign, malignant, and metastasize.
28. Name the steps in meiosis.
29. Explain what a sex cell is.
30. Define the terms haploid and dipolid.
31. Explain the genetic advantage and disadvantage to sexual reproduction.
32. Explain how meiosis occurs abnormally.
33. List two ways in which genetic abnormalities occur.
34. Define the terms nondisjunction, monosomy, and trisomy.
35. Explain why brothers and sisters of the same birthparents can be so different.
36. List the difference between meiosis and mitosis.
37. Explain the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction.
38. Mitosis
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Biology 107
Study Guide
Miramar College
Trubovitz
39. Define the following terms:
a. Mitosis
e. gametes
b. Chromosome
f. chromatid
c. homologous pairs
g. centromere
d. chromatin
h. haploid
40. Recognize the phases of mitosis. Draw each phase.
41. Differentiate between mitosis and meiosis as far as the process and function.
42. Compare and contrasts between spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
43. Genetics
Chapter 10 - 11
44. Define the following terms:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
homozygous
heterozygous
dominant
recessive
phenotype
gene
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
allele
chromosome
punnett square
homologue
incomplete or co-dominant
genotype
45. Explain how a person can have the allele for a particular trait but not show it.
46. Explain the basics of Mendelian genetics.
47. Determine if the children of a father and a mother with a certain gene
combination will automatically show that trait.
48. Explain how people inherit varying degrees of traits such as skin color.
49. Explain single-gene genetic methods of inheritance. (not dihybrid or double gene)
50. Explain the likelihood that a particular trait will be passed on to the next
generation.
51. Explain how a person's sex can influence the expression of his or her genes.
52. Explain why men and women inherit some traits differently.
53. Define the concepts of dominant alleles and recessive alleles, and X-linkage to
explain
54. inheritance patterns.
55. Describe who Gregor Mendel was and what he did for the field of genetics.
56. Apply Mendel's Laws of genetics to problems (note these laws are and how they
work: Law of Dominance, Law of Segregation, and the Law of Independent
Assortment).
57. ** Predict the possible offspring of any monohybrid cross for recessive,
dominant, codominant , and sex-linked traits. See practice problems at:
http://faculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/bio107/geneticproblems.pdf
58. Determine the genotype of individuals from a family pedigrees.
59. Differentiate between the inheritance of one gene traits with polygenic and
pleotrophic traits.
60. Differentiate between sex-linked and sex-influenced traits.
61. Explain why calico cats are almost always female, and speculate how a male cat
could be calico.
62. Explain different ways cancer may originate and examples of each (inherited,
carcinogen, and viruses)
63. Explain how DNA from one organism is used in another organism.
64. Explain how DNA can be used to uniquely identify individuals.
65. Identify potential medical treatments based on DNA technology.
66. Explain some of the ways that modern technology allows us to characterize and
manipulate DNA.
67. Describe the advantage of PCR.
68. Describe the function of restriction enzymes.
69. Explain what a GMO is and give examples.
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Biology 107
Study Guide
Miramar College
Trubovitz
70.Understand the significance of stem cells to the medical field and
society.
71. Identify medical treatments that can benefit from stem cells and explain why.
72. Explain the uses of gene therapy.
73. Define the following terms:
a. benign tumor
d. recombinant DNA
b. malignant
e. plasmid
c. genetic engineering
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