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DNA/RNA Replication issues Sara Marvin Kelly Anderson Sereane Bowstring http://dnaandrna.com DNA - Deoxyribonucleic Acid Structure: 9 DNA is found in the nucleus of cells 9 Holds genetic material that determines the shape, size and growth of an organism 9 Double stranded helix made up of nucleotides – four bases; Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine 9 For encoding genetic information, the central feature of DNA structure is the A-T and G-C base pairing. http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/dna/fg4.html Function: http://www.paternityexperts.com/basicgenetics.html 9 Directs order of linking amino acids in protein construction 9 Order of nucleotides determine order of amino acids for protein synthesis, also known as the genetic code 9 Must be able to replicate and must direct protein synthesis for it to play a role in inheritance RNA – Ribonucleic Acid Structure: 9 Single stranded molecules similar to DNA 9 Four base pairing: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Uracil (replaces Thymine) Function: 9 Convert genetic information in DNA into proteins. http://www.uic.edu/classes/phys/phys461/phys450/ANJUM04/ Replication of DNA and RNA 9 DNA must unwind and break weak hydrogen bonds between base pairs prior to replication which creates the template for synthesis of new strands and never repairs back to original strand. 9 RNA nucleotides bind to the template strands of the DNA Essential Genetics text book RNA World 9 It was once thought that RNA was the carrier of genetic information, not DNA. 9 RNA acted as a genetic code and catalyst for various reactions involved in metabolism and for its own assembly. 9 Ribozymes enable the catalyst of RNA 9 “Without cells, RNA can evolve just like natural populations of organisms.” Dr. Niles Lehman Problems with RNA World: 9 High level of Cytosine in original RNA which results in a high level of Guanine in the replicate. 9 A very specific activation agent was necessary in lab experiments. 9 Many think the successful replications in lab involved too much scientist interference. Experiments for RNA World Stanley Miller and Michael P. Robertson, University of California San Diego; Synthesized cytosine and uracil under plausible prebiotic conditions. Researchers at Massey University in New Zealand; developed a picture of a hypothetical RNA-based organism that was more in line with a eukaryote than that of a single, circular chromosome of a prokaryote. “Jerry Joyce has shown how diverse populations of RNA can undergo selection and evolution to generate new sequences and functions” Dr. Niles Lehman Summary of Origin and Evolution of Life