Download Unit 4 Cells Review Answer Key

Science 7
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Unit 4 Cells WS Part I
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1. Made one of the first compound microscopes in 1590
2. In 1660, Robert Hooke
Zacharias and Hans Janssen
made a compound microscope and looked at cork. He
3. noticed room like structures he called cells
.
4. Also in 1660, Anton van Leeuwenhoek made a simple microscope and found many small organisms
in water samples. He named these organisms animalcules
meaning ‘little animals’.
Write the steps in the development of cell theory
5. In 1838, Matthias Schleiden concluded all plants are made of cells
6. In 1839, Theodor Schwann concluded all animals are made of cells (so, all living creatures)
7. In 1855, Rudolf Virchow proposed all new cells come only from existing cells
Write the three parts of cell theory
8.
All living things are composed of cells.
9.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
10.
All cells are produced from other living cells.
Write four reasons that explain why cells are very small
11.
It is easier to replace small cells without disrupting the organism.
12.
Small cells can specialize.
13.
Small cells have higher surface area to volume ratios (better transport across cell membranes)
14.
Speed of diffusion limits cell size.
15. Name a structure some cells have that increases their surface area? Microvilli.
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Created 12 September 2016
Write six similarities when comparing eubacteria and archaebacteria.
16.
Both are prokaryotes (no nuclei and no membrane covered organelles).
17.
Both have cell walls.
18.
Both have ribosomes.
19.
Both can have similar shapes (rods, cocci, and spirals).
20.
Both can have flagella for movement.
21.
Both reproduce asexually (binary fission, budding, or fragmentation).
Write four differences between eubacteria and archaebacteria.
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
22.
Have ester linked cell membranes
Have ether linked cell membranes
23.
Flagella grow at the tip (hollow stalks)
Flagella add on at the base
24.
Can form spores.
Do not form spores.
25.
Can be found almost everywhere.
Mostly found in harsh conditions.
Write three similarities when comparing prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
26.
Both have the cell as their basic unit.
27.
Both have cell membranes.
28.
Both have ribosomes (though they are usually smaller in prokaryota).
Write six differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
29.
Have a nucleoid (not a true nucleus).
Have a true, membrane bound nucleus.
30.
No membrane bound organelles.
Have membrane bound organelles.
31.
Circular DNA.
Linear DNA.
32.
Chlorophyll scattered throughout cytoplasm.
Chlorophyll in chloroplasts (plants only).
33.
Cell wall is chemically complexed.
Cell wall is chemically simpler (plants, fungi).
34.
Cell size usually 1 to 10 μm.
Cell size usually 10 to 100 μm.
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Write the name and function of thirteen structures that are common to both plant and animal cells.
35.
Nucleus – control center of the cell.
36.
Nuclear envelope – membrane that encloses the nucleus, protects but allows molecules in and out.
37.
Chromatin – DNA and proteins contains genetic instructions.
38.
Nucleolus – condensed region that produces ribosomes.
39.
Peroxisome – metabolizes wastes.
40.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum – covered with ribosomes, makes secretory and membrane proteins.
41.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum – makes lipids.
42.
Cytoskeleton – maintains cell shape.
43.
Microtubules – form the mitotic spindles.
44.
Plasma membrane – (cell membrane) encloses and protects the cell.
45.
Golgi apparatus – modifies proteins and packages them for transport.
46.
Mitochondria – produce energy.
47.
Vacuole – stores food, water, or waste.
Write the name and function of three structures that are found in animal cells but not in plant cells.
48.
Centrosome – microtubule organizing center.
49.
Centriole – holds the mitotic spindles.
50.
Lysosome – digests food.
Write the name and function of five structures that are found in plant cells but not in animal cells.
51.
Cell walls – give plants shape and support.
52.
Chloroplasts – holds chlorophyll for photosynthesis.
53.
Plasmodesmata – channels that connect plant cells.
54.
Plastids – stores pigments.
55.
Large central vacuole – filled with cell sap to maintain pressure against the cell wall.
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Name and define the five levels of organization found in multicellular organisms.
56.
Organelle – membrane bound structure in cells that performs a specific function.
57.
Cell – the basic structural and functional unit in living organisms.
58.
Tissue – groups of cells with a similar structure that work together for a specific function.
59.
Organ – collection of tissues joined in a structural unit to serve a common function.
60.
System – groups of structures that perform the broadest functions in an organism.
61. Describe the difference between structure and function Structure describes what something is
while function describes what something does.
62. Define diffusion. The random mixing of substances due to the natural movement of particles.
63. Define osmosis. The process by which solvent molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane
from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution.
Write three similarities between active and passive transport.
64.
Both involve movement of ions (or molecules) across a plasma membrane (cell membrane).
65.
Both require a pore to move ions through the plasma membrane.
66.
Both are required to maintain proper cell function.
Write three differences between active and passive transport.
Passive
Active
67.
Moves from high to low concentration.
Moves from low to high concentration.
68.
Requires no metabolic energy.
Requires metabolic energy (from ATP).
69.
Uses osmosis through ion channels.
Uses an ion pump (eg, Na+/K+ pump).
70. Define endocytosis. A form of active cell transport that engulfs large molecules to get them into
the cell.
Name and define the three types of endocytosis.
71.
Phagocytosis – transports solid particles into the cell.
72.
Pinocytosis – transports liquids into the cell.
73.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis – requires a specific site that binds to a receptor in the cell wall.
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74. Define exocytosis. A form of active cell transports large molecules out of a cell.
75. Define BMR and list four processes that are included in BMR.
The minimum amount of energy the
body requires to function at rest, including breathing, blood circulation, temperature homeostasis,
brain function, nerve function, muscle contraction (like the heart), and cell metabolism.
76. Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis.
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + sunlight → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
77. Write the chemical equation for cellular respiration.
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 (CO2) + 6 (H2O) + energy
Write three similarities for respiration and fermentation.
78.
Both produce energy for cells.
79.
Both create ATP, adenosine triphosphate, for energy.
80.
The reaction in the cytoplasm is glycolysis for both processes.
Write three differences between respiration and fermentation.
Respiration
Fermentation
81.
Further reactions move to mitochondria.
Never moves out of the cytoplasm.
82.
Requires oxygen in the mitochondria.
Proceeds without use of oxygen.
83.
Produces much more energy (38 ATP).
Produces much less energy (2 ATP).
Write the six stages and phases for mitotic animal cell division.
84.
Stage 1: Interphase – cell growth, replication, and preparation for division.
85.
Stage 2: Mitosis: Prophase – chromatin condenses to chromosomes, centrioles move opposite.
86.
Metaphase – chromosomes line up across the middle of the cell.
87.
Anaphase – centromeres split, chromatids travel spindle fibers moving apart.
88.
Telophase – chromosomes unwind, new nuclear membranes form.
84.
Stage 3: Cytokinesis – cell completes division.
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