Download BIOLOGY 12 UNIT 1a – Cell Structure

BIOLOGY 12
UNIT 1a – Cell Structure
1. Define the three main parts of the Cell Theory:
3 marks total: 1 mark for each main part
a. All living things are made up of one or more cells.
b. The cell is the functional unit of life.
c. All living cells come from pre-existing cells.
2. In the following table, write Present or Absent in the corresponding box to
differentiate between an animal, plant, and bacterial cell.
11 marks total: 1/3 mark for each correct answer.
Structure
Ribosomes
Small Vacuoles Only
Large Vacuole
Lysosome
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Centrioles
Cell Wall
Plasma Membrane
Nuclear Envelope
Nucleoid Region
Animal Cell
YES
YES
Plant Cell
YES
YES
YES
Bacterial Cell
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
3. Identify the structure labeled X. What organs of the body would have cells that would
contain high concentrations of this organelle? (hint – sometimes referred to as the
powerhouse of the cell).
2 marks total: 1 mark for correct identification and 1 mark for a correct organ
Mitochondria:
High concentrations would be found in the following
organs: heart (muscle cells), kidneys (cells of the
nephron), brain (neurons),
4. Explain how the functions of the two organelles in the diagrams are related to each other.
4 marks total: 2 marks for identification of the organelles and 2 marks for a good explanation
i ii iii
iv
i ii iii iv v
vi
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BIOLOGY 12
UNIT 1a – Cell Structure
Chloroplasts use energy from the sun to make carbohydrates (food) for plants in a
process called photosynthesis. When this food is eaten, it is digested into glucose (and
other nutrients). The glucose is used to make ATP (in the mitochondria) in a process
called aerobic cellular respiration. ATP is used as an energy source in all organisms.
In this process, chloroplasts release oxygen and use up carbon dioxide, whereas
mitochondria use up oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
5. Identify each part of the cell indicated and give one role for each structure in the secretion
and / or synthesis of a protein.
8 marks total : 1 mark for each identification and 1 mark for each role
W: Golgi apparatus
Used to modify and package products in the cell.
X: cell (plasma) membrane
Used to manage what enters and leaves the cell.
Y: nucleus
This is the control center of the cell where
instructions for cell activities are given and where
genetic information is stored.
Z: rough endoplasmic reticulum
Used to synthesize proteins in the cell.
6. In order from instruction  production  packaging, storage, and export  exiting,
describe the correct order of structures involved in the process of producing steroid
hormones in the diagram below.
A
B
C
D
Z, X, W, Y
V, X, W, Y
X, W, Y, Z
Z, V, W, Y
7. In the diagram above, the structure labeled X is composed mostly of:
A
B
C
D
glycogen and protein
Nucleic acid and glycogen
Protein and phospholipids
Nucleic acid and phospholipids
8. State one function of each of these parts of the cell:
A. Cell membrane: manages what enters and leaves the cell.
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BIOLOGY 12
UNIT 1a – Cell Structure
B. Vacuole:storage of water or nutrients
C. Microtubule:helps move things within the cell or helps provide structure and
shape of the cell.
9. In the cell below, where does cellular respiration occur?
Answer: Z
10. Explain how structure is related to function for each of the following organelles:
3 marks total: 1 mark for each combination of structure and function
A. Chloroplast: the membranous thylakoids containin chlorophyll that gather
sunlight (energy) needed to make carbohydrates in the process called
photosynthesis.
B. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: ribosomes on the ER help to carry out protein
synthesis and the membranes of the ER help with the chemical reactions and
help to transport synthesized materials within the cell.
C. Nuclear membrane: pores in the membrane allow specific substances to enter
and leave the nucleus and the membrane provides a physical barrier that
protects the DNA.
11. An electron microscopist took pictures of cells from four different tissue / organs of an
adult patient. Each picture showed cells that had a higher than average concentration of
one of the following organelles:
A. Cell A: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B. Cell C: Lysosomes
C. Cell D: Cilia
Give a probable tissue / organ that was the source of these cells. Include the function of
each organelle in the tissue / organ you named.
6 marks total: 1 mark for each cell type and 1 mark for each explanation.
A. Cell A: liver cells: peroxisomes attached to smooth ER carry out the
detoxification of drugs
or cells of the testis or of the adrenal cortex, both of which produce steroid
hormones.
B. Cell C:white blood cells (leukocytes): lysosomes are used to destroy bacteria
and viruses
or webbing skin cells during fetal development
or webbing skin cells during frog develpoment
C. Cell D:cells lining the trachea to trap debris
or cells of the fallopian tubes to move an egg
or cells of some singled-celled organisms such as paramecium that use cilia
to move.
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BIOLOGY 12
UNIT 1a – Cell Structure
12. Match the following clues on the left to one of the organelles on the right:
8 marks total: 1 mark each
B
Phospholipid bilayer
A
Ribosomes
G
Modifies proteins
B
Plasma membrane
H
Detoxifies drugs
C
Chromatin
E
Stores water
D
Lysosome
D
Hydrolysis
E
Vacuole
C
DNA
F
Smooth ER
A
Protein synthesis
G
Golgi apparatus
F
Steroid hormones
H
Peroxisomes
13. Match the following clues on the left to one of the organelles on the right:
8 marks total: 1 mark each
E
G
B
F
H
D
C
A
Directs protein synthesis
Packages, stores, distributes protein
Microtubule assembly
Functional group of ribosomes
Protein synthesis for export
9 + 0 microtubule pattern
Help form cilia and flagella
For shape and motion
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Cytoskeleton
Centrosome
Basal bodies
Centriole
DNA
Polyribosome
Golgi apparatus
Rough ER
14. Which organelle causes autodigestion:
A
B
C
D
E
Nucleolus
Peroxisome
Lysosomes
Golgi apparatus
Ribosomes
15. Which organelle does NOT have a membrane:
A
B
C
D
E
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
16. What structure must a substance first pass through in order to enter a cell:
A
B
C
D
E
Nuclear envelope
Plasma membrane
Cilia
Lysosome
Golgi apparatus
17. A plant cell unable to build cellulose would NOT be able to build a:
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BIOLOGY 12
A
B
C
D
E
UNIT 1a – Cell Structure
Cell wall
Capsule
Lysosome
Plasma membrane
Mitochondria
18. Which of the following is NOT correctly matched:
A
B
C
D
E
Mitochondria – ATP synthesis
Lysosome – Drug detoxification
Golgi apparatus – Protein modification
Ribosome – Protein synthesis
Chloroplast – Glucose synthesis
19. What is the advantage for a cell to have different organelles to carry on different
functions?
1 mark
Each organelle is specialized for a different function so having different
organelles increases the ability of the cell to work more efficiently.
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