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The Cell
By: David Sykes
Cell Facts
Functional basic unit of life
Discovered by Robert C Hooke (1653)
Humans contain about 100 trillion cells
Humans have Eukaryotic Cells

Nucleus and Double membrane
Cell Membrane
Separates interior of cell from outside
environment
Controls movement of substances in and
out of cells
Made up of a phospholipid bilayer
Anchors cytoskeleton of cell (cell
structure)
Cytoplasm
Small gel like substance residing within
cell
Contains all of the organelles inside the
cell
Most cellular activity occurs in cytoplasm



Metabolic pathways
Glycolysis
Process of Cell division
Mitochondria
“Power plant” of cell
Generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Chemical energy
Mitochondria have an outer and inner
membrane
Have own DNA!!
Ribosomes
Protein synthesis

Build long chains of amino acids for cell
Found throughout the cell


Free floating
Attached to Endoplasmic reticulum
Very small compared to other organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Tubular network through cytoplsm and
fused to nuclear membrane
Serves as the cell’s “transport” system
2 Types

Rough ER (ribosomes embedded on surface)
Protein synthesis and transport

Smooth ER
Lipid and steroid synthesis and transport
Golgi Apparatus
Modifies/packages molecules for transport
out or within cell
Processes proteins primarily

Different from synthesizing proteins
Consists of stacks of membrane-bound
structures know as “cisternae”
Think of it as a post office
Creates lysosomes
Lysosome
Contain hydrolase enzymes to break down
waste materials and cellular debris
Digests



broken down organelles
food particles
Bacteria
Autolytic cell destruction

Lysosome releases enzyme to destroy own cell
Vacuole
Filled with water containing organic and
inorganic molecules

Enzyme solutions
Assists in digestive and waste
management process
Mostly in plants but there are some in
specific animal cells
Nucleus
Membrane enclosed organelle which takes up
about 10% of cell (largest organelle)
Controls gene expression and replication of
DNA
Sometimes called the “brain” of the cell
Contains the nucleolus

Synthesize rRNA and assemble ribosomes
Plant cell differences
Cell Wall


Surrounds cell membrane
Gives cell structure and support
Chloroplast

Perform photosynthesis-convert light energy
into ATP (usable energy)
Much larger vacuoles
Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fNyq4A
08mTo&feature=results_main&playnext=1
&list=PL8377204CFFB760B0
References
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structure
s.html
http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/301notes1
.htm
http://www.johnkyrk.com/CellIndex.html