* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The Cell - hfedun331fa2011
Survey
Document related concepts
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle wikipedia , lookup
Cytoplasmic streaming wikipedia , lookup
Cell encapsulation wikipedia , lookup
Extracellular matrix wikipedia , lookup
Cell nucleus wikipedia , lookup
Signal transduction wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Programmed cell death wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Cell membrane wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Cytokinesis wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
The Cell By: David Sykes Cell Facts Functional basic unit of life Discovered by Robert C Hooke (1653) Humans contain about 100 trillion cells Humans have Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus and Double membrane Cell Membrane Separates interior of cell from outside environment Controls movement of substances in and out of cells Made up of a phospholipid bilayer Anchors cytoskeleton of cell (cell structure) Cytoplasm Small gel like substance residing within cell Contains all of the organelles inside the cell Most cellular activity occurs in cytoplasm Metabolic pathways Glycolysis Process of Cell division Mitochondria “Power plant” of cell Generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Chemical energy Mitochondria have an outer and inner membrane Have own DNA!! Ribosomes Protein synthesis Build long chains of amino acids for cell Found throughout the cell Free floating Attached to Endoplasmic reticulum Very small compared to other organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum Tubular network through cytoplsm and fused to nuclear membrane Serves as the cell’s “transport” system 2 Types Rough ER (ribosomes embedded on surface) Protein synthesis and transport Smooth ER Lipid and steroid synthesis and transport Golgi Apparatus Modifies/packages molecules for transport out or within cell Processes proteins primarily Different from synthesizing proteins Consists of stacks of membrane-bound structures know as “cisternae” Think of it as a post office Creates lysosomes Lysosome Contain hydrolase enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris Digests broken down organelles food particles Bacteria Autolytic cell destruction Lysosome releases enzyme to destroy own cell Vacuole Filled with water containing organic and inorganic molecules Enzyme solutions Assists in digestive and waste management process Mostly in plants but there are some in specific animal cells Nucleus Membrane enclosed organelle which takes up about 10% of cell (largest organelle) Controls gene expression and replication of DNA Sometimes called the “brain” of the cell Contains the nucleolus Synthesize rRNA and assemble ribosomes Plant cell differences Cell Wall Surrounds cell membrane Gives cell structure and support Chloroplast Perform photosynthesis-convert light energy into ATP (usable energy) Much larger vacuoles Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fNyq4A 08mTo&feature=results_main&playnext=1 &list=PL8377204CFFB760B0 References http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structure s.html http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/301notes1 .htm http://www.johnkyrk.com/CellIndex.html