Download 7 Cell Parts Packet

Name____________________________
Class __________________
Date __________
Organization of the Human Body
The human body can be organized into a series of levels: cells,
tissues, organs, and organ systems.
In the first column, fill in the correct level of organization. Then, number
the levels in order from simplest (1) to most complex (4) in the last column.
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Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Look at the diagrams below. Label the prokaryotic cell and the
eukaryotic cell.
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Organization of the Human Body
Level of
Organization
Description
Example
groups of different
types of tissue that
function together
brain
groups of organs
that perform closely
related functions
nervous system
basic units of
structure and
function in a
living thing
neuron
groups of cells that
perform a particular
function
nervous tissue
Date __________
Order
Organelles
Use the diagrams to answer the question.
1. Explain why you labeled each diagram as you did.
Compare and contrast the two types of cells by completing the table.
Prokaryotic Cell
Cell membrane
Nucleus
present
Cell size
Answer the question.
1. All of the organ systems in the human body work together to
maintain homeostasis. What is homeostasis?
Complexity
Eukaryotic Cell
present
large
simple
Answer the questions. Circle the correct answer.
2. What type of cells makes up your body?
prokaryotic
2. Name one organ system in the human body.
3. What type of cell is a bacterial cell?
prokaryotic
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eukaryotic
eukaryotic
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Name____________________________
Class __________________
Date __________
Name______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
Chapter 7, Cell Structure and Function (continued)
Animal Cell
Use the words below to label the animal cell. Some structures have
already been labeled for you.
cell membrane
mitochondrion rough endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus nucleus
ribosome
Section 7–2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
(pages 174–181)
This section describes the functions of the major cell structures.
Comparing a Cell to a Factory (page 174)
1. What is an organelle? It is a structure in eukaryotic cells that acts as if it is a
specialized organ.
2. Label the structures on the illustration of the plant cell.
Animal Cell
nucleolus
smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
centrioles
2. What cell structures are found on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum but not on smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
3. Circle the letter of each structure that animal cells contain.
a. chloroplasts
b. lysosomes
c. mitochondria
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Use the diagram to answer the questions.
1. What is the area between the nucleus and the cell
membrane called?
d. ER
4. Circle the letter of each structure that plant cells contain.
a. cell wall
Nucleus
b. ER
c. lysosomes
d. chloroplast
(page 176)
5. What is the function of the nucleus? It is the control center of the cell.
6. What important molecules does the nucleus contain? It contains DNA.
7. The granular material visible within the nucleus is called
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chromatin
.
Guided Reading and Study Workbook/Chapter 7
Name____________________________
Class __________________
Name______________________________
Date __________
Class __________________
Date ______________
8. What does chromatin consist of? It consists of DNA bound to protein.
Organelle Function
An organelle is a specialized cell structure. Each organelle functions in a different way to help the cell carry out life processes.
A mitochondrion, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi
apparatus are pictured and described below. Write the name of the
organelle underneath its picture.
9. What are chromosomes? They are distinct, threadlike structures formed of condensed
chromatin that contain genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next.
10. Most nuclei contain a small, dense region known as the
nucleolus
.
11. What occurs in the nucleolus? This is where the assembly of ribosomes begins.
Organelle
Function
12. What is the nuclear envelope? It is a double-membrane layer that surrounds the nucleus.
controls most cell processes and
stores genetic material
Ribosomes (page 177)
13. What are ribosomes? Ribosomes are small particles of RNA and protein found
throughout the cytoplasm that are involved in protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
makes membrane lipids that will be
exported out of the cell
(pages 177–178)
14. What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER? Ribosomes are found on
the surface of rough ER. There are no ribosomes on smooth ER.
Golgi Apparatus (page 178)
15. Using the cell as a factory analogy, describe the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell.
modifies, sorts, and packages materials
from the endoplasmic reticulum
Use the table to answer the question.
1. Which of the structures shown above contains a nucleolus?
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before they are ready to leave the cell “factory.”
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converts the energy stored in food into
a more useable form
The Golgi apparatus is like a customization shop, where the finishing touches are put on proteins
Lysosomes
(page 179)
16. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about lysosomes.
a. They contain enzymes that help synthesize lipids.
b. They break down organelles that have outlived their usefulness.
c. They produce proteins that are modified by the ER.
d. They contain enzymes that break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.
Guided Reading and Study Workbook/Chapter 7
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Name______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
Name______________________________
Chapter 7, Cell Structure and Function (continued)
Class __________________
Date ______________
24. Complete the table about structures that make up the cytoskeleton.
STRUCTURES OF THE CYTOSKELETON
Vacuoles (page 179)
17. What are vacuoles? Vacuoles are saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts,
proteins, and carbohydrates.
18. What is the role of the central vacuole in plants? When the central vacuole is filled with
liquid, the pressure within the vacuole supports the heavy structures of the plant, such as leaves
Structure
Description
Functions
Microtubules
Hollow tubes of tubulins
Maintain cell shape, help build cilia and
flagella, form centrioles in cell division
Microfilaments
Threadlike structures made of actin
Support the cell, help cells move
and flowers.
Match the organelle with its description.
Organelle
19. How does the contractile vacuole in a paramecium help maintain homeostasis?
By contracting rhythmically, the contractile vacuole pumps excess water out of the cell.
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
(pages 179–180)
20. Is the following sentence true or false? Both chloroplasts and mitochondria are
enclosed by two membranes.
f
25. Ribosome
d
26. Endoplasmic reticulum
b
27. Golgi apparatus
g
28. Lysosome
e
29. Vacuole
a
30. Chloroplast
c
31. Mitochondrion
true
21. Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain their own genetic information in the form of
small DNA molecules
.
22. Biologist Lynn Margulis has suggested that mitochondria and chloroplasts are
(page 181)
23. What is the cytoskeleton? It is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its
shape.
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Cytoskeleton
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descendants of what kind of organisms? They are descendants of ancient prokaryotes.
Description
a. Uses energy from sunlight to make
energy-rich food
b. Stack of membranes in which enzymes
attach carbohydrates and lipids to
proteins
c. Uses energy from food to make highenergy compounds
d. An internal membrane system in which
components of cell membrane and some
proteins are constructed
e. Saclike structure that stores materials
f. Small particle of RNA and protein that
produces protein following instructions
from nucleus
g. Filled with enzymes used to break down
food into particles that can be used
Reading Skill Practice
A flowchart can help you remember the order in which events occur. On a separate
sheet of paper, create a flowchart that describes the steps by which proteins are
made in the cell. You will find that the steps of this process are explained on pages
176–178. For more information about flowcharts, see Organizing Information in
Appendix A in your textbook.
Students’ flowcharts should include RNA moving out of the nucleus, the production of proteins in ribosomes,
modification in rough ER, proteins moving into the Golgi apparatus, proteins sent to their final destinations.
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Guided Reading and Study Workbook/Chapter 7
Guided Reading and Study Workbook/Chapter 7
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Name_____________________________________Date______________________Period________________
Cell Analogies
1.
Cell City Analogy
In a far away city called Grant City, the main export and production product is the steel widget.
Everyone in the town has something to do with steel widget making and the entire town is designed to
build and export widgets. The City hall has the instructions for widget making, widgets come in all shapes
and sizes and any citizen of Grant can get the instructions and begin making their own widgets. Widgets
are generally produced in factories around the city, these factories can be built by the carpenter's
union (whose headquarters are in town hall).
After the widget is constructed, they are sent by truck on the highway which can deliver the
widget anywhere in the city. In order for a widget to be exported, the trucks take the widget to the
postal office, where the widgets are packaged and labeled for export. Extra widgets are kept in large
storage rooms until they are needed. Sometimes widgets don't turn out right, and the "rejects" are
sent to the city dump where they are broken down for parts or destroyed altogether. The town powers
the widget factories and trucks from a power plant that is in the city. The entire city is enclosed by the
city limits, only the postal trucks are allowed outside the city.
Match the parts of the city (underlined) with the parts of the cell.
1. Mitochondria
2. Ribosomes
3. Nucleus
4. Vesicles
5. Golgi Apparatus
6. Protein
7. Cell Membrane
8. Lysosomes
9. Nucleolus
10. Vacuoles
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2. Your Own Cell Analogy
On the following lines, create your own analogy of the cell (use a plant cell or animal cell). Some
ideas might be: a stadium, a house, a factory, or anything you can imagine. For fun, write 1-2
paragraphs explaining what each of the cell parts represent in your analogy like you would in a
children’s book. Include a minimum of 10 different cell parts. Write the cell part in
parentheses after your analogy. Example: The big boss (DNA) works in his office (nucleus)
which controls all the functions of the factory.
Possible extra credit for creative effort!
Name_____________________________________Date______________________Period________________
Possible extra credit for creative effort!
Cell Analogy: _________________
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