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•
Cells are the basic units of all
life.
• All Organisms are made of
one or more cells.
• All Cells arise from existing
cells.
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic cells are simple in
structure, with no recognizable
organelles including a nucleus.
They have an outer cell wall that
gives them shape. Prokaryotic
Cells are typically much smaller
and less complex.
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic cells are higher
order cells including plants and
animals cells. These cells
contain specialized organelles
that allow the cells to adapt to
specific functions.
Nucleus
The nucleus is the most obvious
organelle in any eukaryotic cell.
The Nucleus is the control center of
the cell
The DNA regulates the function of
the cell
Nucleus
The DNA and other proteins also
condense to form chromosomes
inside the nucleus.
When it is not condensed it is
called Chromatin
Nucleolus
Also within the nucleus is the
nucleolus. Its function is to
manufacture the ribosomes, which
are then transferred out to the
nucleus to the endoplasmic
reticulum.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
The ER is the manufacturing site
of the cell
There are 2 types of ER : Smooth
ER and Rough ER.
The rough ER contains ribosomes,
and the smooth E.R. does not.
Smooth ER
The smooth ER make lipids, or
fats, processes carbohydrates, and
modifies toxic chemicals.
Rough ER
The rough ER along with the
ribosomes manufactures proteins.
Ribosomes
The ribosome are the workers of
the cell, building proteins that the
cell needs.
Ribosomes connect amino acids in
chains of protein.
Ribosomes are made in the nucleolus
and transported to the rough ER.
Golgi Apparatus
The Golgi Bodies are the UPS of
the cell.
The molecules that are
manufactured in the ribosomes are
transported by the golgi apparatus.
Proteins from the ER are sorted,
often modified, packaged, and
distributed to their destinations.
Mitochondria
The mitochondria is the power
plant of the cell.
It changes the energy stored in food
compounds into ATP, adenosine
triphosphate, useful energy for the
cell ATP
Animal cells usually
contain more
mitochondrion
Vacuoles
Vacuoles are the warehouses of the
cell.
Vacuoles may
absorb excess water,
store proteins, ions,
and waste products
of the cell.
Vacuoles are more predominant in
plant cells.
Lysosomes
The recycling trucks of the cell.
Lyosomes contain
digestive enzymes that
break apart larger
molecules and dead
organelles inside the
cell.
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is a semifluid substance
made primarily of water and
organic compounds, in which the
organelles are suspended.
Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a network of
filaments and microtubules that
provide the cell with its internal
structure.
The Cytoskeleton also aids in the
movement of organelles inside the
cell.
Cell Membrane
The cell membrane is the fence or
gate that allows certain things into
a cell and keeps other things out.
All cells are surrounded by a cell
membrane, which is a thin layer of
phospholipids and proteins
Cell Wall
The cell wall is a tough rigid
structure made of cellulose.
The cell wall only surrounds plant
cells.
Cell Walls
• All plants have a primary cell wall
• Woody plants have a secondary
cell wall making the plant more
rigid
• Inbetween the cells is a jellylike
substance called the middle lamela
it is made from PECTIN
Chloroplast
Chloroplast is the green organelle
in plant cells that enables the plant
cell to make sugar in the process of
photosynthesis.
Chromoplasts
Chromoplasts are all the other
colored organelles in plant cells
that enables the plant cell to make
sugar in the process of
photosynthesis.
LOTS O CHLOROPLASTS