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RNA AND TRANSCRIPTION Biology CHUMS RNA RNA = Ribonucleic Acid Function of RNA: To carry the DNA’s code out of nucleus to make proteins 3 Parts of RNA Sugar: Ribose Phosphate group, Nitrogen base (sound familiar???) Break Out! #1 What organelle is responsible for making protein? o Ribosomes Fact or Fiction: All living things have ribosomes to make protein? o Fact!!! – Even bacteria has ribosomes!! What are proteins made of? (what are their building blocks?) o Amino Acids What’s the Difference?? 3 main differences between DNA and RNA 1. Sugar in RNA is ribose 2. RNA is single-stranded 3. RNA contains uracil (U) in place of thymine (T). ***RNA can leave the nucleus*** Types of RNA (oh there’s more than one…) 1. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) = major component of ribosomes Ribosome: structure where proteins are assembled. Types of RNA (continued) Messenger RNA (mRNA) = RNA that carries the instructions or codons for assembling amino acids into proteins. 2. Leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm to attach to a ribosome when done! Types of RNA (continued) 3. Transfer RNA (tRNA) = RNA that carries the anticodon to transfer or bring each amino acid to the ribosome Complementary code to mRNA Transcription: Makin’ some mRNA Occurs DNA 1. 2. 3. 4. in the nucleus mRNA Enzyme unzips the DNA strand One open strand of DNA is a template to make a strand of mRNA. When the mRNA is done being coded, it leaves the nucleus to find a ribosome to start building proteins DNA “re-zips” back to normal. Transcription Rules DNA must stay in the nucleus DNA unzips at a starting code DNA = TAC mRNA = ___________ Break Out! #2 Make some mRNA! Use the template below to make some mRNA from the template of DNA. Remember to sub in the correct complementary pairs for RNA! Original DNA Strand Template DNA Strand G-C G T-A T A-T A A-T A G-C G C-G C Biology Cardinal Heights Translation: • When ribosomes read mRNA (messenger) and use the sequence to make proteins. • Proteins are made by joining amino acids into long chains. There are 20 different amino acids A codon consists of three consecutive nitrogen bases of mRNA that codes a single amino acid. Example: UCG CAC GGU Divide the following sequence of mRNA into segments of codons by drawing lines in between every 3rd base pair. AUGUACUUUGACGGAUGA How do you know which Amino Acid mRNA is coding for? Below your strand of mRNA (that you just divided), find the correct amino acid for each codon, using the codon wheel. Write the first three letters of the amino acid under its codon. AUGUACUUUGACGGAUGA MET TYR PHE ASP GLY STOP START mRNA serves as the instructions Codons are read by a ribosome 1. 2. • Starts at AUG (“Start” Codon) 3. tRNA (transfer RNA) has the anticodon (complementary base pairs to mRNA). 4. tRNA transfers the correct amino acid to the ribosome for assembly of the protein Ribosomes will move down the mRNA, holding two codons of mRNA at a time. 5. • Each tRNA bumps off the previous one, leaving the strand of amino acids behind. What A is a chain of Amino Acids? PROTIEN When When Just does the chain end? it hits a STOP codon like there is a start codon, there is also a stop Let’s Watch!