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Transcript
The importance of cells: basic unit of living things, form follows function, come in many shapes and sizes!!! These are just a few that may be found in YOUR body! Sep 26-12:43 PM 1 Basic animal cell: Chromosomes = DNA + proteins (genes) Oct 3-11:21 AM 2 Basic plant cell diagram Nucleus Cell Wall Chloroplast Vacuole Plant cell photo Dec 15-2:59 PM 3 CELL STRUCTURES and their FUNCTIONS a brief summary CELL MEMBRANE: outer boundary of animal cell 1. Made of phospholipid bi-layer with proteins 2. May have channels 3. Function: physical isolation Regulation/ Exchange w/ environment Structural support Sep 12-5:46 PM 4 Oct 3-11:21 AM 5 CELL WALL: Not in animal cells. Primarily made of cellulose, glued together with pectin Permeable Provides protection and support Picture taken w/ electron microscope Onion Cell Cell Wall Nucleus Dec 16-3:09 PM 6 CYTOPLASM/CYTOSOL: Material inside of cell membrane--includes organelles Contains: Dissolved nutrients, ions, proteins, wastes, enzymes Supported by: CYTOSKELETON: Internal protein framework-strength, structure, flexibility Oct 5-1:38 PM 7 CILIA: short extensions of microtubules CENTRIOLES: cluster of microtubules --used in cell division/reproduction/ intracellular "RR track" Oct 3-11:26 AM --beat rhythmically to move things along surface (Resp. tract) 8 RIBOSOMES: small, protein-dense structures (rRNA), made of 2 sub-units (small/large) --used in protein synthesis free ribos--loose in cytosol attached--"fixed" to rough E.R. Photo of ribo.s in liver cells Oct 3-11:27 AM 9 Membranous Organelles: membrane isolates from cytosol ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ROUGH AND SMOOTH): Hollow tubes, flat sheets, chambers Oct 3-11:28 AM 10 Rough E.R.: synthesis, storage and transport of proteins Smooth E.R.: More focused on synthesis, storage and transport of Carbohydrates, Lipids: breaks down toxins Liver cell Mitochondria Rough ER w/ ribosomes Sep 12-5:49 PM 11 GOLGI: stack of flattened discs + saccules 1. Synthesize and package secretions 2. Package specific enzymes for cytosol 3. Renewal or modification of cell membrane Oct 3-11:28 AM 12 Golgi Apparatus in Plant cell Dec 16-2:55 PM 13 LYSOSOMES: produced by golgi--contain digestive enzymes --can fuse w/ damaged/old organelles break down recycled by cell Oct 3-11:29 AM 14 Chloroplasts: Plant cells and protists (autotrophs) Traps the energy in sunlight and allows it to be converted into chemical energy (photosythesis) Chloroplasts in Elodea cell Chloroplasts up close (shows membranes and thylakoids-stacks of discs) Dec 16-2:53 PM 15 MITOCHONDRIA: "powerhouse" --produces 95% of cells energy --double membrane --inner folds (cristae) increase surface area --produce ATP (energy) using O2 and food Oct 3-11:45 AM 16 NUCLEUS: control center of cell Some cells have >1, some none. Surrounded by nuclear envelope, contains pores. Contains: 23 pairs of chromosomes and nucleolus (makes ribosomes) Oct 3-11:31 AM 17 A bit about DNA in the nucleus: Oct 3-11:32 AM 18 Dec 18-9:41 AM 19