Download The importance of cells: basic unit of living things, form follows

The importance of cells: basic unit of living things, form follows
function, come in many shapes and sizes!!! These are just a few
that may be found in YOUR body!
Sep 26-12:43 PM
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Basic animal cell:
Chromosomes
=
DNA + proteins
(genes)
Oct 3-11:21 AM
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Basic plant cell diagram
Nucleus
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Plant cell photo
Dec 15-2:59 PM
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CELL STRUCTURES and their FUNCTIONS
a brief summary
CELL MEMBRANE: outer boundary of animal cell
1. Made of phospholipid bi-layer with proteins
2. May have channels
3. Function: physical isolation
Regulation/ Exchange w/ environment
Structural support
Sep 12-5:46 PM
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Oct 3-11:21 AM
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CELL WALL: Not in animal cells.
Primarily made of cellulose, glued together with pectin
Permeable
Provides protection and support
Picture taken w/
electron microscope
Onion Cell
Cell Wall
Nucleus
Dec 16-3:09 PM
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CYTOPLASM/CYTOSOL: Material inside of
cell membrane--includes organelles
Contains: Dissolved nutrients, ions, proteins,
wastes, enzymes
Supported by:
CYTOSKELETON: Internal protein framework-strength, structure, flexibility
Oct 5-1:38 PM
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CILIA: short
extensions of
microtubules
CENTRIOLES: cluster of microtubules
--used in cell division/reproduction/
intracellular "RR track"
Oct 3-11:26 AM
--beat
rhythmically
to move
things along
surface
(Resp. tract)
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RIBOSOMES: small, protein-dense
structures (rRNA), made of 2 sub-units
(small/large)
--used in protein synthesis
free ribos--loose in cytosol
attached--"fixed" to rough E.R.
Photo of ribo.s in liver cells
Oct 3-11:27 AM
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Membranous Organelles: membrane isolates from cytosol
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ROUGH AND SMOOTH):
Hollow tubes, flat sheets, chambers
Oct 3-11:28 AM
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Rough E.R.: synthesis, storage and transport of proteins
Smooth E.R.: More focused on synthesis, storage and
transport of Carbohydrates, Lipids: breaks down toxins
Liver cell
Mitochondria
Rough ER w/
ribosomes
Sep 12-5:49 PM
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GOLGI: stack of flattened discs + saccules
1. Synthesize and package secretions
2. Package specific enzymes for cytosol
3. Renewal or modification of cell membrane
Oct 3-11:28 AM
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Golgi Apparatus in Plant cell
Dec 16-2:55 PM
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LYSOSOMES: produced by golgi--contain digestive enzymes
--can fuse w/ damaged/old organelles
break down
recycled by cell
Oct 3-11:29 AM
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Chloroplasts: Plant cells
and protists (autotrophs)
Traps the energy in sunlight and
allows it to be converted into
chemical energy (photosythesis)
Chloroplasts in Elodea cell
Chloroplasts up close (shows
membranes and thylakoids-stacks of discs)
Dec 16-2:53 PM
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MITOCHONDRIA: "powerhouse"
--produces 95% of cells energy
--double membrane
--inner folds (cristae) increase surface area
--produce ATP (energy) using O2 and food
Oct 3-11:45 AM
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NUCLEUS: control center of cell
Some cells have >1, some none.
Surrounded by nuclear envelope,
contains pores.
Contains: 23 pairs of chromosomes
and nucleolus (makes ribosomes)
Oct 3-11:31 AM
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A bit about DNA in the nucleus:
Oct 3-11:32 AM
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Dec 18-9:41 AM
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